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Tailings are often acidic, laden with heavy metals, and lacking adequate nutrients and physical conditions for plant growth, precluding the establishment of plant cover to reduce the offsite movement of mining wastes. This paper describes a case study at the Formosa Mine in Douglas County, Oregon, where tailings were amended with a mixture of lime, biosolids, biochar, and microbial inoculum to facilitate establishment of Douglas\u2010fir (<jats:italic>Pseudotsuga menziesii<\/jats:italic> [Mirbel] Franco) seedlings. Results show that the tailings pH increased, and Douglas\u2010fir seedlings survived and grew with these amendments. After 2\u00a0years, pH did, however, decrease in some downslope locations and was associated with an increase in tree mortality. This suggests that tailings conditions should be monitored, and amendments should be reapplied as needed, particularly in areas receiving acidic runoff from unamended upslope tailings, until the seedlings are fully established. This study not only provides a prescription for the addition of biochar and other amendments to enhance plant growth for revegetation purposes in low\u2010pH, metal\u2010contaminated mine tailings, but it also demonstrates a method that can be used to address similar problems at other mine sites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jeq2.20587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T00:45:09Z","timestamp":1722213909000},"page":"553-564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Amendments promote Douglas\u2010fir survival on Formosa Mine tailings"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6023-8473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark G.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment U.S. Environmental Protection Agency  Corvallis Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9847-9579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Olszyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment U.S. Environmental Protection Agency  Corvallis Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bollman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment U.S. Environmental Protection Agency  Corvallis Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjorie J.","family":"Storm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consolidated Safety Services  Corvallis Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob A.","family":"Coulombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consolidated Safety Services  Corvallis Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maliha","family":"Nash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment U.S. Environmental Protection Agency  Corvallis Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viola","family":"Manning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010ARS, Forage Seed and Cereal Research  Corvallis Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1518-2727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin","family":"Trippe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010ARS, Forage Seed and Cereal Research  Corvallis Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald","family":"Watts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service  Florence South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1580-7141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service  Florence South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1984.0064"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168\u20106496(03)00028\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2014.04.0195"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2011.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2001.1736"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bergholm A. 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