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While these inputs create conditions favorable to microbial growth, areas of a site or an entire site with low degradation rates (i.e., \u201cstalled\u201d) occur for unknown reasons. We hypothesized that soil conditions limit P bioavailability, leading to stalls in PHC bioremediation, and adding the correct P amendment restarts microbial activity. Soils were collected and characterized from four cold calcareous PHC\u2010impacted sites in Saskatchewan, Canada, undergoing bioremediation. A generalized linear mixed model identified that regions with lower degradation rates possessed a neutral pH with high magnetic and salinity values. In a subsequent laboratory experiment, the proportion of benzene degraded at greater rates within active (i.e., higher degradation rates) than stalled soils, thereby following model predictions (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010value\u00a0=\u00a00.19, Kruskal\u2013Wallis). The PHC degradation efficiency of different P amendments was tested by doping stalled soils (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a03) with one of five treatments: 0 (control), 0 (autoclaved control), or 50\u00a0mg phosphate kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    soil as sodium diphosphate, triethyl phosphate, or tripolyphosphate. Tripolyphosphate accelerated benzene degradation (75.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.4%) in one stalled soil (Outlook 323) and increased degradation non\u2010significantly (43.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.4%) in another (Allan 917). Alternatively, the final sample (Davidson 421) possessed the greatest benzene removal with no amendments. This implies that soil P bioavailability may not be the sole cause of decreased microbial activity. Accordingly, combining model outputs with mineralogy and microbiology investigations could enhance PHC biodegradation rates in these cold calcareous soils.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jeq2.20594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T03:34:44Z","timestamp":1720755284000},"page":"669-683","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Do phosphorus amendments enhance biodegradation activity in stalled petroleum hydrocarbon\u2010contaminated soil?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0892-8287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aim\u00e9e D.","family":"Schryer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven D.","family":"Siciliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2014JG002659"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143165"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00792\u2010005\u20100498\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01752\u201006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00010694\u2010199711000\u201000005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11200\u2010014\u20100407\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es991211a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40808\u2010018\u20100442\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167\u20107012(98)00020\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168\u20101605(99)00035\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2005.0049dup"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01490451.2015.1049676"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.67.5.2139\u20102144.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01073580"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"Bolker B.(2022).GLMM FAQ.http:\/\/bbolker.github.io\/mixedmodels\u2010misc\/glmmFAQ.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2008.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ\u20102017\u2010066"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","unstructured":"Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. 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