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The objectives of this study were (1) to quantify the emissions of NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, nitrous oxide (N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O), methane (CH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>), and carbon dioxide (CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) from poultry houses and (2) to estimate the amount of each gas produced per kilogram of bird grown for flocks of various duration to determine if emissions per kg vary with flock length (i.e., bird marketing age). Two commercial broiler houses in Northwest Arkansas were used for this study. Gas concentrations and emissions were measured during 4\u2010week flocks (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a012), 7\u2010week flocks (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03), and 8\u2010week flocks (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a04). Average emissions per kg bird for the 4\u2010week flocks were 2.9\u00a0g NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, 0.3\u00a0g N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, 3.5\u00a0g CH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, and 658\u00a0g CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Ammonia emissions per kg bird increased by 179% and 293% for 7\u2010 and 8\u2010week\u2010old birds, respectively, compared to the 4\u2010week\u2010old birds.\u00a0Nitrous oxide emissions per kg bird increased by 164% and 387% for 7\u2010 and 8\u2010week birds, respectively.\u00a0Methane emissions increased by 35% and 225% for 7\u2010 and 8\u2010week\u2010old birds, respectively. Carbon dioxide emissions increased by 185% and 351% for 7\u2010 and 8\u2010week\u2010old birds, respectively. Higher emissions from older birds were likely due to less efficient feed conversion as birds age.\u00a0These results indicate that growing younger (i.e., smaller) chickens may be more sustainable, since it results in much lower emissions of NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and GHGs per kg of bird produced, while also utilizing much less feed and being more efficient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jeq2.70024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T22:18:46Z","timestamp":1744928326000},"page":"538-551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Emissions of ammonia and greenhouse gases from broiler chickens can be reduced by growing younger birds"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5162-6095","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Philip A.","family":"Moore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010ARS, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit  Fayetteville Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Horlick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010ARS, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit  Fayetteville Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3238-7011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelsey","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010ARS, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit  Fayetteville Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8322-0830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Food Sciences University of Delaware  Newark Delaware USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1301-5829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana","family":"Miles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010ARS  Mississippi State Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos12050563"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004\u20106981(87)90154\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352\u20102310(97)83466\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116919"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"Burns R. 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