{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T11:50:51Z","timestamp":1762516251971,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,10]],"date-time":"2025-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Agricultural runoff is the major contributor to eutrophication. To address this problem, some have advocated for nutrient recovery from agricultural waste. We have previously reported phosphorus recovery from poultry litter using a sequencing batch reactor with CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010assisted nutrient extraction and NaOH\u2010based precipitation of the slow\u2010release struvite and potassium struvite fertilizers. In our patented process, US Patent US11104617B2, the process effluent was recycled to generate the slurry for the next batch. Pilot\u2010scale studies suggested that precipitated particles were being recirculated during reuse of the process effluent, reducing overall recovery. The objective of this work was to improve struvite settling through the addition of natural coagulants and flocculant aids. Jar tests were conducted with liquid extracts generated from 20\u00a0g L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    poultry litter slurries. The solution pH was adjusted to 9.0 to precipitate struvite, and then variable chitosan and bentonite concentrations were dosed into the jars under rapid mix conditions at 120\u00a0rpm for 3\u00a0min. The particle size distributions showed that chitosan and bentonite formed larger particles. The 50th percentile struvite particle size increased from 0.07\u00a0\u00b5m without coagulant and flocculant aids to \u223c400\u00a0\u00b5m with 100\u00a0mg L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    of chitosan and bentonite. When 500\u20131000\u00a0mg L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    of chitosan and bentonite were added, large, uniform flocs formed and settled within 1 h. The chitosan\u2013bentonite system had optimal performance with 25\u00a0mg L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    chitosan and 10\u00a0mg L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    bentonite and 50\u00a0mg L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    chitosan and 50\u00a0mg L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    bentonite. The chitosan\u2013alginate system generated larger flocs with 75\u00a0mg L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    alginate, but the addition of chitosan diminished performance. Alginate\u2010only systems were most effective at aggregating fine struvite particles produced from poultry litter extracts and have the added benefit of providing an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional coagulants as a soil amendment that provides controlled nutrient release.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jeq2.70069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T05:35:02Z","timestamp":1754890502000},"page":"1957-1969","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Natural coagulants enhance struvite collection efficiency after phosphorus recovery from poultry litter"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5854-9037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Fleming","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering Mercer University  Macon Georgia USA"},{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ouriel","family":"Ndalamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zaria","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Portner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Blaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"American Public Health Association. 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