{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T13:34:42Z","timestamp":1782912882237,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Soil moisture, carbon, and nitrogen are vital factors affecting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in agricultural soils. However, research on GHG dynamics across different soil moisture regimes, ranging from simultaneous flooding\u2010to\u2010upland conversion, transition phases, to continuous flooding, and their interaction with crop straw and nitrogen (N) fertilizer amendments remains limited. To address this research problem, we conducted a laboratory study to investigate the impact of water regimes, rice straw (\n                    <jats:italic>Oryza sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                    L.), and N fertilizer on GHGs. The addition of rice straw and fertilizer significantly increased GHG emissions. N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O and CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    emissions increased as soil moisture levels were converted from flooded conditions to 60% water\u2010filled pore space (WFPS), while CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    emissions decreased. The highest cumulative N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O and CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    emissions were 0.85\u00a0mg N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\u2010N kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    and 65.21\u00a0mg CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010C kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , respectively, in rice straw treatment, while cumulative CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    emissions were highest (2003.69\u00a0mg CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010C kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) in rice straw + N fertilizer treatment. The NH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and NO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    levels were highest with values of 202.43 and 63.72\u00a0mg kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , respectively, in the rice straw + N fertilizer treatment during the transition phase. The highest levels of dissolved organic carbon (201.31\u00a0mg kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and microbial biomass carbon (425.92\u00a0mg kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) were recorded in the rice straw treatments during the flooding and 60% WFPS phases, respectively. Our findings emphasize the critical role of soil moisture and organic amendments in regulating soil GHG emissions. Sustainable agricultural practices should focus on balancing soil management techniques to reduce GHG emissions while promoting long\u2010term soil health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jeq2.70113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T11:22:54Z","timestamp":1764069774000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of soil moisture, rice straw, and nitrogen fertilizer on greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural soils"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2314-7983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Shaaban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture Henan University of Science and Technology  Luoyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Salman","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environment Huazhong Agricultural University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning CAAS  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yupeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environment Huazhong Agricultural University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronggui","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environment Huazhong Agricultural University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154388"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365\u20102745.13595"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2012.01.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2014.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168\u20106496(03)00304\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u20102486.1998.00161.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2007.01.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/soilsystems8030088"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.60.4.609\u2010640.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2113(07)96005-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2014.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2006.09.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2021.105434"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"Forster P. 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