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Vegetated buffer strips (VBSs) are recognized as a cost\u2010effective, nature\u2010based solution for managing agricultural pollution risks. Despite their proven efficacy, the adoption of VBSs remains very limited across African countries. This review provides comprehensive scientific literature to assess VBS effectiveness in mitigating diffuse agricultural water pollution, with a specific focus on its potential for Africa. Out of the initial pool of publications, 35 studies (23.3%) met the inclusion criteria, consistently demonstrating the statistically significant effectiveness of VBSs in reducing non\u2010point source pollution (sediment, particulate, dissolved forms of phosphorus, pesticides, and dissolved nitrogen). Beyond direct pollution control, the review underscores the broader benefits of VBSs, including improved sediment and nutrient management during runoff events, enhanced biodiversity, and contributions to carbon sequestration. 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