{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:55:52Z","timestamp":1791266152109,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":34,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Atrazine is the second most widely used pesticide and the most widespread pesticide water contaminant in the United States. As part of its periodic review of atrazine impacts, the US regulatory authority on pesticides\u2014the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)\u2014is in the process of identifying atrazine risks and crafting a plan to mitigate atrazine runoff. EPA's review has found extensive atrazine water contamination in the United States, with over one\u2010eighth of the watersheds in the continental United States estimated to contain atrazine concentrations exceeding levels known to harm aquatic ecosystems. EPA has crafted a runoff mitigation proposal that seeks to reduce the levels of atrazine in US waterways by 1) reducing the maximum annual application rate by 20% and 2) implementing a geographically specific, point\u2010based mitigation system. Here, we assessed the efficacy of this plan using known regional application rate utilization and geospatial estimation of point attainment. Following implementation of this plan, we found that only 1% of the 11,248 contaminated watersheds in the United States would drop below the EPA\u2010identified concentration that can harm aquatic ecosystems. We further confirmed this with a field\u2010level analysis in a highly contaminated county in the most atrazine\u2010contaminated state and found that this plan would fail to require any additional runoff mitigating practices from 100% of corn fields adjacent to surface water. If implemented, this runoff mitigation plan will likely have little quantifiable impact on current in\u2010stream atrazine concentrations, many of which are currently above levels known to harm aquatic ecosystems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jeq2.70274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:30:19Z","timestamp":1791264619000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating the effectiveness of EPA's proposed runoff mitigation plan on atrazine surface water concentrations in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9935-261X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan","family":"Donley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biological Diversity  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Curtis M.","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biological Diversity  Tucson Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"AcreValue. (2025).Parcels\u2014Crop history.https:\/\/www.acrevalue.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15091889"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"Atwood D. &Paisley\u2010Jones C.(2017).Pesticides industry sales and usage: 2008\u20132012 Market estimates.US Environmental Protection Agency.https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/sites\/production\/files\/2017\u201001\/documents\/pesticides\u2010industry\u2010sales\u2010usage\u20102016_0.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"Bruce Harris & Associates. (2025).Christian County Illinois supervisor of assessments GIS online map[Map].https:\/\/christian\u2010il.bhamaps.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"Code of Federal Regulations. (1974).40 C.F.R. \u00a7 171.https:\/\/www.ecfr.gov\/current\/title\u201040\/chapter\u2010I\/subchapter\u2010E\/part\u2010171"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"Donley N.(2025).Comment submitted by Center for Biological Diversity.Environmental Protection Agency.https:\/\/www.regulations.gov\/comment\/EPA\u2010HQ\u2010OPP\u20102013\u20100266\u20102421"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"European Commission. (2004).2004\/248\/EC: Commission Decision of 10 March 2004 concerning the non\u2010inclusion of atrazine in Annex I to Council Directive 91\/414\/EEC and the withdrawal of authorisations for plant protection products containing this active substance (Text with EEA relevance) (notified under document number C(2004) 731).https:\/\/eur\u2010lex.europa.eu\/eli\/dec\/2004\/248\/oj\/eng"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"European Environment Agency. (2025).Pesticides in rivers lakes and groundwater in Europe.https:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/en\/analysis\/indicators\/pesticides\u2010in\u2010rivers\u2010lakes\u2010and?activeAccordion=ecdb3bcf\u2010bbe9\u20104978\u2010b5cf\u20100b136399d9f8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gilliom R. J. Barbash J. E. Crawford C. G. Hamilton P. A. Martin J. D. Nakagaki N. Nowell L. H. Scott J. C. Stackelberg P. E. Thelin G. P. &Wolock D. M.(2006).Pesticides in the nation's streams and ground water 1992\u20132001: The quality of our nation's waters(Circular 1291).U.S. Geological Survey.https:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/publication\/cir1291","DOI":"10.3133\/cir1291"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"Minnesota Department of Agriculture. (2025).Atrazine application setback requirements.https:\/\/www.mda.state.mn.us\/atrazine\u2010app\u2010setback\u2010reqs"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"Pesticide Action Network International. (2024).PAN international consolidated list of banned pesticides\u20147th Edition.https:\/\/pan\u2010international.org\/pan\u2010international\u2010consolidated\u2010list\u2010of\u2010banned\u2010pesticides\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901164"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestwater.5c01472"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"Soil Survey Staff. (2024).Gridded Soil Survey Geographic (gSSURGO) database for the Conterminous United States.United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service.https:\/\/www.nrcs.usda.gov\/resources\/data\u2010and\u2010reports\/gridded\u2010soil\u2010survey\u2010geographic\u2010gssurgo\u2010database"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stackpoole S. M. Lindsey B. D. &Nell C. 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