{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T19:58:31Z","timestamp":1792267111228,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Extracellular Vesicle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Infection with SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 is associated with thromboinflammation, involving thrombotic and inflammatory responses, in many COVID\u201019 patients. In addition, immune dysfunction occurs in patients characterised by T cell exhaustion and severe lymphopenia. We investigated the distribution of phosphatidylserine (PS), a marker of dying cells, activated platelets and platelet\u2010derived microparticles (PMP), during the clinical course of COVID\u201019. We found an unexpectedly high amount of blood cells loaded with PS\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    PMPs for weeks after the initial COVID\u201019 diagnosis. Elevated frequencies of PS\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    PMP\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    PBMCs correlated strongly with increasing disease severity. As a marker, PS outperformed established laboratory markers for inflammation, leucocyte composition and coagulation, currently used for COVID\u201019 clinical scoring. PS\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    PMPs preferentially bound to CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells with gene expression signatures of proliferating effector rather than memory T cells. As PS\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    PMPs carried programmed death\u2010ligand 1 (PD\u2010L1), they may affect T cell expansion or function. Our data provide a novel marker for disease severity and show that PS, which can trigger the blood coagulation cascade, the complement system, and inflammation, resides on activated immune cells. Therefore, PS may serve as a beacon to attract thromboinflammatory processes towards lymphocytes and cause immune dysfunction in COVID\u201019.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T00:53:08Z","timestamp":1638406388000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Binding of phosphatidylserine\u2010positive microparticles by PBMCs classifies disease severity in COVID\u201019 patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Lisa","family":"Rausch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Immunology Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantin","family":"Lutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Immunology Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich  Munich 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