{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T18:09:48Z","timestamp":1782756588381,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]],"date-time":"2022-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Extracellular Vesicle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Small Extracellular Vesicles (sEVs) are\u00a050\u2013200\u00a0nm in diameter vesicles delimited by a lipid bilayer, formed within the endosomal network or derived from the plasma membrane. They are secreted in various biological fluids, including airway nasal mucus. The goal of this work was to understand the role of sEVs present in the mucus (mu\u2010sEVs) produced by human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) in SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection. We show that uninfected HNECs produce mu\u2010sEVs containing SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 receptor ACE2 and activated protease TMPRSS2. mu\u2010sEVs cleave prefusion viral Spike proteins at the S1\/S2 boundary, resulting in higher proportions of prefusion S proteins exposing their receptor binding domain in an \u2018open\u2019 conformation, thereby facilitating receptor binding at the cell surface. We show that the role of nasal mu\u2010sEVs is to complete prefusion Spike priming performed by intracellular furin during viral egress from infected cells. This effect is mediated by vesicular TMPRSS2 activity, rendering SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 virions prone to entry into target cells using the \u2018early\u2019, TMPRSS2\u2010dependent pathway instead of the \u2018late\u2019, cathepsin\u2010dependent route. These results indicate that prefusion Spike priming by mu\u2010sEVs in the nasal cavity plays a role in viral tropism. They also show that nasal mucus does not protect from SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection, but instead facilitates it.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]],"date-time":"2022-10-22T09:35:30Z","timestamp":1666431330000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Proviral role of human respiratory epithelial cell\u2010derived small extracellular vesicles in SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Berry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Mondor de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale, INSERM U955, Team \u201cViruses, Hepatology, Cancer\u201d Univ Paris Est Creteil  Cr\u00e9teil France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margot","family":"Morin\u2010Dewaele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Mondor de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale, INSERM U955, Team \u201cViruses, Hepatology, Cancer\u201d 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