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Currently, there is no specific therapeutic agent available for JEV infection, primarily due to the complexity of its infection mechanism and pathogenesis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been known to play an important role in viral infection, but their specific functions in JEV infection remain unknown. Here, ultracentrifugation in combination with density gradient centrifugation was conducted to purify EVs from JEV\u2010infected cells. The purified EVs were found to be infectious, with virions observed inside the EVs. Furthermore, our study showed the formation process of virion\u2010containing EVs both in vitro and in vivo, which involved the fusion of multivesicular bodies with the cell membrane, leading to the release of virion\u2010containing intraluminal vesicles into the extracellular space. Further studies revealed that EVs played a crucial role in JEV propagation by facilitating viral entry and assembly\u2010release. Furthermore, EVs assisted JEV in evading the neutralizing antibodies and promoted viral capability to cross the blood\u2010brain and placental barriers. Moreover, in vivo experiments demonstrated that EVs were beneficial for JEV infection and pathogenicity. Taken together, our findings highlight the significant contribution of EVs in JEV infection and provide valuable insights into JEV pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.70033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T06:55:56Z","timestamp":1736405756000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Extracellular vesicles promote the infection and pathogenicity of Japanese encephalitis virus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Junyao","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Huazhong Agricultural University  Wuhan Hubei China"},{"name":"Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production College of Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University  Wuhan Hubei China"},{"name":"Hubei Hongshan Laboratory  Wuhan Hubei China"},{"name":"The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production Huazhong 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