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We demonstrate, using SPECT\/CT imaging, that extracellular vesicles (EVs) from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) predominantly accumulate in the liver, where they deliver miR\u201031\u20105p to suppress platelet\u2010derived growth factor B (PDGFB) produced by hepatic macrophages. This intervention impedes NAFLD progression and establishes a mechanistic link between liver repair and neurovascular improvement. Specifically, single\u2010nucleus RNA sequencing reveals that PDGFB suppression enhances hippocampal pericyte recovery via the PDGFB\u2010PDGFR\u03b2 axis and orchestrates the activation of growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), thus promoting neuroplasticity. Furthermore, AAV injections indicate that hepatic PDGFB modulation recalibrates transthyretin (TTR) dynamics, thereby restoring its neuroprotective functions and preventing its pathological deposition in the brain. These findings position MSC\u2010EVs as a transformative therapeutic platform that leverages the liver\u2010brain axis to address the intertwined metabolic and neurovascular complications of T2DM, offering a promising avenue for clinical translation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.70125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T03:53:56Z","timestamp":1751860436000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Umbilical Cord\u2010Mesenchymal Stromal Cell\u2010Derived Extracellular Vesicles Target the Liver to Improve Neurovascular Health in Type 2 Diabetes With Non\u2010Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Minghao","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an Central Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Diseases Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an 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