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However, it was observed that the immune cells can also be lysed during viral treatment, evidently dampening the OVs\u2010mediated antitumor immune response. In this study, we develop a microneedle (MN)\u2010based\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    tumor cell\u2010derived extracellular nanovesicle (TDEV)\u2010cloaked OVs platform to enhance cancer immunotherapy and reduce immune cell exhaustion. In this platform, tumor cells pre\u2010infected with OVs are loaded into the upper reservoir of the MN device. Following the transdermal administration, the hollow MN would constantly facilitate the transport of\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    the generated TDEV\u2010encapsulating OVs into the tumor site for sustained delivery of OVs, which could subsequently infect cancer cells selectively rather than immune cells. Enhanced antigens triggered by improved intratumoral OVs killing can be presented by non\u2010exhausted dendritic cells, further evoking significant immunotherapeutic effects in both TC\u20101\u2010hCD46 xenograft tumor\u2010bearing mice and postoperative tumor recurrence mice models.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.70222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T06:26:16Z","timestamp":1767767176000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<i>In Situ<\/i>\n                    Sustained Delivery of Tumor Cell\u2010Derived Extracellular Nanovesicles With Oncolytic Adenoviruses for Potentiating Cancer Immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Tianye","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery The First Hospital of China Medical University  Shenyang China"},{"name":"Department of General Surgery The First Hospital 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College of Innovation Shenyang Pharmaceutical University  Shenyang China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Delivery Systems Ministry of Education  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenguo","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sino\u2010British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences Academy of Medical Sciences Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, School of Pharmacy Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Liangzhu Laboratory Zhejiang University Medical Center  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University  Jinhua China"},{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, School of Pharmacy Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Burns and Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5470-1599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuya College of Innovation Shenyang Pharmaceutical University  Shenyang China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Delivery Systems Ministry of Education  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Funan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery The First Hospital of China Medical University  Shenyang China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal tumors China Medical University Ministry of Education  Shenyang China"},{"name":"Phase I Clinical Trails Center, The First Hospital China Medical University  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengchi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Delivery Systems Ministry of Education  Shenyang China"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy Shenyang Pharmaceutical University  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38679-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-024-01774-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00720-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2023.122259"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.120964"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04234-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c00668"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2022.101671"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-022-01515-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwab172"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01407-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2025.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c11630"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2022.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.10.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62260-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-022-00719-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.2c00699"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01897-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-022-01370-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-022-00460-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202300552"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202212210"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.01.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2023.101922"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-024-01722-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123336"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202005709"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c02165"}],"container-title":["Journal 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