{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T03:54:46Z","timestamp":1791950086267,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25634"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25634"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Extracellular Vesicle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>T cell and NK92 cell\u2010derived extracellular vesicles or artificial cell\u2010derived vesicles (ACDVs) exhibit anti\u2010cancer effects through inherited cytotoxic proteins like perforin and granzyme or transmembrane receptors like FasL and TRAIL. The anti\u2010cancer potential of artificial T and NK vesicles has been improved by attaching targeting moieties to their surface using genetic engineering or covalent surface modifications. However, the genetic engineering of immune cells from which the vesicles are derived is laborious, expensive, and inefficient, and naturally derived exosomes are released in low quantities. Here, we compared the properties of tumour\u2010targeted and untargeted ACDVs from activated\u2010T cells and NK92 cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>We examined whether the cancer cell\u2010killing capacity of ACDVs derived from activated\u2010T and NK92 cells could be targeted to cancer cells by conjugating tumour\u2010targeting antibodies to their surface. We targeted T and NK92 ACDVs to cancer cells possessing the xenoantigen, N\u2010glycolyl neuraminic acid GM3 ganglioside, using the 14f7hT antibody or the tumour antigen, epidermal growth factor receptor, using the nimotuzumab antibody. Antibody targeting improved the cell interaction, internalization, and cytotoxicity of T and NK92 ACDVs. Interestingly, the T\u2010ACDVs retained perforin, granzyme, FasL and TRAIL, whereas NK92 ACDVs retained perforin, granzyme and FasL. Based on their ease of production and lower cost, we chose NK92 ACDVs for in vivo and ex vivo studies. Intravenously injected nimotuzumab\u2010conjugated NK92 ACDVs decreased the tumour volumes of EGFR\u2010expressing\u00a0ovarian cancer xenografts in mice. 14F7hT\u2010conjugated NK92 ACDVs showed cytotoxic activity against chronic lymphocytic leukaemia biopsies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>This research shows the potential for using antibody\u2010conjugated, cytotoxic T and NK ACDVs as a feasible and effective approach for tumour\u2010targeted immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.70231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T07:08:17Z","timestamp":1769843297000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Antibody\u2010Targeted Artificial T Cell and Natural Killer Cell Derived Vesicles for Cancer Immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Brijesh","family":"Parlekar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Livingstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley R.","family":"Sutherland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s X.","family":"Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon Saskatchewan 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