{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:13:47Z","timestamp":1792098827892,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769817600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["(82370716 82170736 and 81970629)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(82370716 82170736 and 81970629)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["(LHDMY23H070002)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(LHDMY23H070002)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Extracellular Vesicle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Microinflammation is a key driver of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, with interleukin\u20101\u03b2 (IL\u20101\u03b2) playing a pivotal role.\u00a0However, current anti\u2010IL\u20101\u03b2 antibody therapies face critical limitations, such as systemic side effects and substantial production costs, which hinder their therapeutic efficacy and clinical translation for CKD intervention. To address this, we developed\n                    <jats:italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) encapsulating anti\u2010IL\u20101\u03b2 single\u2010chain variable fragment (scFv) and conjugated with kidney\u2010targeting peptides (KKEEE)\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    K. Engineered OMV\u2010(KKEEE)\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    K\u2010scFv's safety was evaluated in vitro (24, 48\u00a0h) and in vivo (2\u00a0months). Its anti\u2010inflammatory efficacy was assessed in a high glucose\u2010induced model in vitro, and in various kidney disease mouse models (streptozotocin\u2010induced diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephritis, unilateral ureteral obstruction) in vivo. OMV\u2010(KKEEE)\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    K\u2010scFv showed high stability, precisely delivered scFv to proximal renal tubules, had excellent safety, reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines including tumour necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1), interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106) and monocyte chemoattractant protein\u20101 (MCP\u20101), decreased cell infiltration, and alleviated renal injury. In conclusion, engineered OMVs effectively deliver anti\u2010IL\u20101\u03b2 scFv, mitigating local inflammation and CKD\u2010related renal damage.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.70234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T16:06:43Z","timestamp":1769875603000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Single\u2010Chain Anti\u2010IL\u20101\u03b2 Antibody\u00a0Carried by Outer Membrane Vesicles of\u00a0\n                    <i>Bacteroides fragilis<\/i>\n                    \u00a0Alleviates Tubular Inflammation in Chronic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9193-7530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nephrology Zhong da Hospital School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue Qi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nephrology Zhong da Hospital School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia Xiu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin Yi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nephrology Zhong da Hospital School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9238-2867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pei Pei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiong Zhong","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Lipid Research &amp; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Metabolism on Lipid and Glucose, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun Ling","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nephrology Zhong da Hospital School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing China"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 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