{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T21:57:21Z","timestamp":1793915841714,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82372352\uff1b82122042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82372352\uff1b82122042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Extracellular Vesicle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Glycosylated RNAs (glycoRNAs) are membrane\u2010displayed RNA\u2010glycan conjugates, but quantitative in situ analysis of low\u2010abundance glycoRNAs on small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) remains challenging. Here, we develop PREDICTOR (proximity\u2010encoded non\u2010linear hybridization chain reaction circuit), an enzyme\u2010free catalytic DNA cascade for imaging and quantifying surface glycoRNAs on intact sEVs. PREDICTOR uses a sialic acid aptamer and an RNA\u2010sequence probe as split recognition modules, whose proximity on a single glycoRNA reconstitutes an initiator that drives dendritic DNA self\u2010assembly and non\u2010linear fluorescence amplification on the sEV surface. Across serial sEV inputs (5\u00d710\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u20135\u00d710\n                    <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                    particles\u00b7mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), PREDICTOR exhibited a steeper concentration\u2010response than representative amplification assays, with higher regression slopes in bulk fluorescence (0.372,\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 0.9846) compared with ARPLA (0.301,\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 0.9748) and HieCo 2 (0.230, R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 0.9663), and similarly improved performance in bead\u2010based imaging (4.105,\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 0.9816\u00a0vs. 3.495 and 2.711). Applying PREDICTOR to a breast cancer transformation model (MCF\u201010A \u2192 MCF\u20107 \u2192 MDA\u2010MB\u2010231) showed that multiple surface glycoRNA candidates decrease with malignancy, accompanied by progressive softening of sEV membranes (Young's modulus reduced by 25.08% and 54.72%). Functionally, enzymatic depletion of surface RNA and disruption of sialylated N\u2010glycan features attenuated macrophage uptake and inflammatory activation, supporting a contribution of surface glycoRNAs to sEV recognition. Collectively, PREDICTOR provides a rapid, enzyme\u2010free platform for quantitative and spatial profiling of sEV surface glycoRNAs and links their abundance to vesicle mechanics and immune\u2010cell interactions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.70282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T09:48:47Z","timestamp":1776160127000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["PREDICTOR: A Non\u2010Enzymatic Catalytic Cascade Tool for in Situ Visualization of Small Extracellular Vesicle Surface glycoRNAs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shuang","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruijia","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuowei","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongzhao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meilin","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ligai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Pi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ningtao","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1665-8697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)  Chongqing China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning Army Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2025.104591"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12144"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.05.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c03172"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010025\u201009310\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/procel\/pwaf079"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2025.120017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c01826"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587\u2010023\u201001801\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568\u2010020\u201000299\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107048"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201058490\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255\u2010024\u201001214\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010023\u201038030\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556\u2010025\u201001682\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2023.108352"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c19319"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/procel\/pwaf102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.12.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2025.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2023.216481"}],"container-title":["Journal 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