{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T19:12:39Z","timestamp":1788549159363,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Extracellular Vesicle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is drained into the systemic lymphatics via paravertebral lymph nodes. Superficial and deep cervical lymph nodes collect CSF in mice, but the exact and quantified routes are unknown. Recently, we simultaneously visualized cervical, sacral and iliac lymph nodes via serial imaging on the intrathecal [\n                    <jats:sup>64<\/jats:sup>\n                    Cu]Cu\u2010albumin positron emission tomography. Paravertebral lymph nodes might act as sentinels to monitor the CSF, brain, and spinal cord. We used\n                    <jats:sup>64<\/jats:sup>\n                    Cu\u2010labeled\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    extracellular vesicles, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), as lymph node seekers for intrathecal administration and quantified the differential amounts of various paravertebral lymph nodes along the axis of the brain and spinal cord in mice. The quantified results revealed 77.3% in superficial and deep cervical lymph nodes, 11.4% in abdominal\/pelvic lymph nodes and 11.3% in sacral lymph nodes. Click\u2010labeled [\n                    <jats:sup>64<\/jats:sup>\n                    Cu]Cu\u2010OMVs were drained to reach and stop at the lymph nodes on serial quantification. The cervical lymph nodes drained most of the OMV\u2010laden CSF, which is proportional to the surface areas of the brain (70%) and spinal cord in mice. We propose that all paravertebral lymph nodes monitor the segmental regions of the brain and spinal cord as immediate sentinel lymph nodes against the central nervous system.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.70347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T02:29:28Z","timestamp":1786328968000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lymphatic Drainage of Cerebrospinal Fluid Using Lymph Node Seeker 64Cu\u2010Labeled Gram\u2010Negative Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles With Positron Emission Tomography (PET)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9462-9971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyuwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine College of Medicine Seoul National University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changjin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SL Bigen Co. 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Incheon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayoung","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology  Pohang South Korea"},{"name":"Global Research Institute for Exosome Pohang University of Science and Technology  Pohang South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran Ji","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine College of Medicine Seoul National University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoori","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine College of Medicine Seoul National University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chanwoo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology  Pohang South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Insoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology  Pohang South Korea"},{"name":"Global Research Institute for Exosome Pohang University of Science and Technology  Pohang South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaewook","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology  Pohang South Korea"},{"name":"Global Research Institute for Exosome Pohang University of Science and Technology  Pohang South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minseok","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine College of Medicine Seoul National University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun\u2010Sang","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine College of Medicine Seoul National University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3366-2345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong Song","family":"Gho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology  Pohang South Korea"},{"name":"Global Research Institute for Exosome Pohang University of Science and Technology  Pohang South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9013-4835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong Soo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine College of Medicine Seoul National University  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Global Research Institute for Exosome Pohang University of Science and Technology  Pohang South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Science and Engineering School of Convergence Science and Technology Pohang University of Science and Technology  Pohang South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"453","article-title":"The Role of the Diaphragm in Lymphatic Absorption From the Peritoneal Cavity","volume":"186","author":"Abu\u2010Hijleh M. 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