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In this study we have examined the distribution of \u03b2 keratins in the adult epidermis of turtle, lizard, snake, tuatara, and alligator using light and electron immunocytochemistry with a well\u2010characterized antiserum (anti\u2010\u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> antiserum) made against a known avian scale type \u03b2 keratin. In lizard, snake, and tuatara epidermis this antiserum reacts strongly with the beta\u2010layer, more weakly with the oberhautchen before it merges with the beta\u2010layer, and least intensely with the mesos layer. In addition, the anti\u2010\u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> antiserum reacts specifically with the setae of climbing pads in gekos, the plastron and carapace of turtles, and the stratum corneum of alligator epidermis. Electron microscopic studies confirm that the reaction of the anti\u2010\u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> antiserum is exclusively with characteristic bundles of the 3\u2010nm \u03b2 keratin filaments in the cells of the forming beta\u2010layer, and with the densely packed electron\u2010lucent areas of \u03b2 keratin in the mature bet\u2010 layer. These immunocytochemical results suggest that the 3\u2010nm \u03b2 keratin filaments of the reptilian integument are phylogenetically related to those found in avian epidermal appendages. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.10145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,6]],"date-time":"2002-10-06T12:27:22Z","timestamp":1033907242000},"page":"27-38","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Immunocytochemical analysis of beta (\u03b2) keratins in the epidermis of chelonians, lepidosaurians, and archosaurians"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"293","author":[{"given":"LORENZO","family":"ALIBARDI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ROGER H.","family":"SAWYER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00335521","article-title":"Comparison of alpha and beta keratin in reptiles","volume":"110","author":"Alexander NJ","year":"1970","journal-title":"Zeitschrift fur Zellforschung"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Ultrastructural and autoradiographic analysis of setae development in the embryonic pad lamellae of the lizard Anolis lineatopus","volume":"18","author":"Alibardi L","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Sci Nat (Zoologie)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156853899X00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/tice.2000.0099"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1080"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1090"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","article-title":"Observations on the histochemistry and ultrastructure of the epidermis of the tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus (Rynchocephalia, Reptilia): A contribution to an understanding of the lepidosaurian epidermal generation and the evolutionary origin of the squamate shedding complex","author":"Alibardi L","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Morphol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4687(200012)246:3<179::AID-JMOR2>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1022"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1401740211"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1401870212"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"121","volume-title":"Avian biology IX","author":"Brush AH","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1420-9101.1996.9020131.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"CarverWE.1985.Reptilian scale development: Analysis of morphogenesis and keratinization inAnolis carolinensis. 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