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This observation is of particular interest considering apoE has been reported absent in the domestic hen (Hermier et al., \u201995; <jats:italic>Biochim Biophys Acta<\/jats:italic>: 105\u2013118, 1995) and thus presumed absent in nonmammalian vertebrates altogether. As a result, partial amino acid sequencing of this protein was performed and revealed that one fragment shared 41% sequence identity to human apoE. Western blot analysis using antisera to apoE demonstrated cross\u2010reactivity to a 34\u2010kDa protein (putative apoE) in turtle plasma. Further investigation using anti\u2010apoE antibody in Western blot analysis detected immunoreactive apoE in the plasma of lamprey, spiny dogfish, skate, and alligator, but not in flounder, newt or python; its absence in several species of birds was confirmed. Using anti\u2010apoA\u2010I antibody, apoA\u2010I was detected in all vertebrate groups except a representative teleost (flounder). Apo\u2010A\u2010I antibody cross\u2010reacted weakly with some putative apoE proteins (chicken, spiny dogfish and skate) and the reverse was true for anti\u2010apoE, which cross\u2010reacted with putative apoA\u2010I in birds, reptiles, and elasmobranchs, confirming the molecular similarity and phylogenetic relatedness of these two proteins.<jats:italic> J. Exp. Zool. 290:255\u2013264, 2001<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2001 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T21:49:13Z","timestamp":1030312153000},"page":"255-264","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Phylogenetic distribution of apolipoproteins A\u2010I and E in vertebrates as determined by Western blot analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"290","author":[{"given":"Annemarie E.","family":"Duggan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian P.","family":"Callard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.16.8622"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)34273-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00614a015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)41998-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"DugganA PaolucciM CallardIP.1997.Evidence for putative apolipoprotein E in the turtle Chrysemys picta. 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