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In normal circumstances, peak contracture tension was obtained with 100 mM\/1 potassium saline at a depolarization level of about \u221210 mV. At a concentration of 2 mM\/1, caffeine considerably lowered the mechanical threshold of the muscle fibres such that peak contracture tension was obtained with 40 mM\/1 potassium saline, at a depolarization level of only \u221230 mV. Withdrawal of calcium ions from caffeine containing salines resulted in a loss of the contractile response to depolarization, and the lowering of the mechanical threshold was abolished. These results are consistent with the view that caffeine may activate muscle <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> by accelerating calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and by suppressing active calcium binding by the reticular calcium pump. Since caffeine can activate depolarized muscle it is suggested that caffeine short\u2010circuits the normal excitation\u2010contraction coupling channels to initiate a direct release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum without transient depolarization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1401710108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T11:08:26Z","timestamp":1118488106000},"page":"49-58","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Modification of excitation\u2010contraction coupling in locust skeletal muscle induced by caffeine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Henry","family":"Huddart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roland G.","family":"Abram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1965.sp007577"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1965.sp007578"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/7.3.647","article-title":"The role of cell calcium in the contraction of single cannulated muscle fibres","volume":"7","author":"Ashley C. 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