{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,12]],"date-time":"2023-11-12T14:10:40Z","timestamp":1699798240040},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,26]],"date-time":"2005-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9095,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Exp. Zool."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1980,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Escalation is a propagated wave phenomenon readily observable in chick skeletal muscle fibers growing in culture. It occurs in fibers bathed in methylxanthines, halothane, or quinine, at concentrations associated with twitch potentiation. From the results of a variety of experiments, an explanation of the phenomenon is proposed. Cation requirements suggest that a wave may be initiated in conjunction with a spontaneous calcium influx or calcium spike; and drug concentration, temperature, and extracellular potassium effects support the theory that wave propagation occurs by calcium\u2010induced calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The optical effect may then reflect osmotic changes associated with the transient calcium release. Escalation is not restricted to cultured muscle, nor to chick. At appropriate temperatures and in the presence of methylxanthines, escalation has been observed in chick, frog, and rat skeletal muscle. This suggests that it is a subthreshold event, related to contraction, capable of providing further insight into excitation\u2010contraction coupling. The superior visibility conditions accessibility to experimental manipulation make cultured chick skeletal muscle fibers suitable subjects for such study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402120313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T07:59:14Z","timestamp":1118476754000},"page":"403-413","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterization of the methylxanthine\u2010induced propagated wave phenomenon in striated muscle"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"212","author":[{"given":"Annette W.","family":"Coleman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.44.5.845"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.55.5.665"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.69.3.613"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-8166(78)90018-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1040720404"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.46.6.897"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/7.3.615","article-title":"The roles of calcium in excitation contraction coupling in various muscles of the frog, mouse and barnacle","volume":"7","author":"Edwards C.","year":"1967","journal-title":"Amer. 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