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In the proximal territories, the progress of cartilage differentiation occurs according to the normal pattern and can be revealed histologically much earlier than in bulk preparations. In all explanted hindlimbs as well as in forelimbs from embryos with less than 50 somites, a primary coalescence occurs between the IId and IIId digital rays, leading to various fusions from soft tissue syndactyly to oligosyn\u2010dactyly. This is the result of two combined unfavorable effects of the culture conditions: the lack of simultaneous volumetric growth of the foot\u2010 or handplate, which normally would provide the necessary space for the laying down of a pentadactylous pattern, and a loss of cells resulting from abnormal cell death affecting selective mesodermal sites in the zeugopod and in the marginal subridge area, the latter being more severely affected in hindlimb buds. Several observations suggest that the preferential sensitivity of the marginal mesoderm might be related to early changes in the apical ectoderm, which itself becomes excessively necrotic and rapidly looses its pseudostratified configuration. The forelimb buds from embryos with 50 somites and more usually develop a pentadactylous pattern with a better individuation of digital structures. In all explants, the prospective mesoderm of digit I exhibits stronger regulatory tendencies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402320222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T06:02:00Z","timestamp":1118469720000},"page":"359-377","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Histogenesis in 11\u2010day mouse embryo limb buds explanted in organ culture"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"232","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Milaire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Mulnard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(72)90137-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"13A","article-title":"Requirement of ascorbate and cystein in limb bud cultures at different developmental stages","volume":"26","author":"Blankenburg G.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"155","article-title":"The function of the apical ectodermal ridge and distinctive characteristics of adjacent mesoderm in the avian wing\u2010bud","volume":"34","author":"Cairns J. 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