{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T16:03:45Z","timestamp":1759939425471},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,25]],"date-time":"2005-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7450,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Exp. Zool."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the male chick embryo the components of the hypothalamo\u2010adenohypophyseal\u2010testicular axis initially function independenty of each other. It is not until days 12.5\u201313.5 that the adenohypophysis begins to regulate testosterone synthesis and secretion; on day 13.5 plasma testosterone reaches a maximum embrynic level. This <jats:italic>feed forward<\/jats:italic> regulation of the pituitary\u2010testicular unit appears to involve a cause and effect relation between a statistically significant increase in the number of testicular interstitial cell LH receptors on days 12.5 and 13.0 and anincrease in plasma LH levels on day 13.5 (up\u2010regulation). Subsequently, events occur that are interpreted as indicative of the <jats:italic>feedback<\/jats:italic> phase of this endocrine axis. Plasma LH levels decrease after day 13.5. Also on day 13.5 and al subsequent embryonic days, there is a significant decline in the volume density of testicular LH receptor\u2010positive interstitial cells (IC) associated with an internalization of the LH receptor complexes and a marked decline in plasma testosterone levels (down\u2010regulation). It is strongly suggested that the decline in the number of LH receptor\u2010positive ICs and the internalization of the LH receptor complexes in indicative of a \u201cdesensitization\u201d of the ICs followed by a decrease in testosterone synthesis and secretion. Comparable events that occur in the female embryo with respect to the development of the hypothalamo\u2010adenohypophyseal\u2010ovarian axis are also discussed in this minireview.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402320309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T10:37:56Z","timestamp":1118486276000},"page":"435-441","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Ontogeny of hypothalamo\u2010adenohypophyseal\u2010gonadal (HAG) interrelationships in the chick embryo"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"232","author":[{"given":"James E.","family":"Woods","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Thommes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-107-4-908"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/31.7.6304183"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-112-5-1647"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"4459","article-title":"Direct inhibition of testicular function by gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone: mediation by specific gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone receptors in interstitial cells","volume":"77","author":"Clayton R. 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