{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T04:08:48Z","timestamp":1754107728587},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,8]],"date-time":"2005-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1118188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6764,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Exp. Zool."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>An in vitro superfusion system was used in an attempt to identify the cellular systems involved in the Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> dependence of gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone (GnRH) actions in the frog, <jats:italic>Rana pipiens<\/jats:italic>. Superfusion with 5 \u03bcM A23187 (a calcium ionophore) or phorbol myristate acetate (an analog of diacylglycerides) caused marked increases in luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle\u2010stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion. Exclusion of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> from the medium prevented the stimulatory effects of PMA. The potent stimulator of adenylate cyclase, forskolin, caused only slight stimulation of LH and FSH secretion, which was also prevented by removal of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>. The cytoskeletal disruptive agents colchicine, nocodazole, and cytochalasin B, and the calmodulin inhibitors, trifluoperazine and pimozide, had no significant effects on the action of GnRH. Overall, these results indicate that the major mechanisms of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> involvement in the response to GnRH by the frog pituitary are similar to that of mammals, with the possible exceptions of lesser roles for calmodulin and the cytoskeleton in the frog. The study suggests that polyphosphatidyl\u2010inositol\u2010diacylglyceride metabolism may be critical in understanding the mechanism of GnRH action in frogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402400309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T02:47:45Z","timestamp":1118458065000},"page":"353-361","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The cellular basis of the calcium dependence of GnRH\u2010stimulated gonadotropin release from frog, <i>Rana pipiens<\/i>, pituitaries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"240","author":[{"given":"David A.","family":"Porter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Licht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod21.5.1073"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-116-3-909"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2200345"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.69.9.2677"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-107-3-780"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/309063a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(78)90033-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-104-2-448"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-2-2-174"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-109-4-1122"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0790311"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(77)90146-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(86)90324-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-116-6-2320"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(79)80864-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Hormones and Reproduction in Fishes, Amphibians and Reptiles","author":"Licht P.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/285073a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402320307"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(75)80288-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0968-0004(83)90061-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/308693a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-116-5-2098"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod33.2.393"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(85)90383-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402390309"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-117-3-976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.6.3363"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-107-5-1425"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(76)90019-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-108-4-1305"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-92-3-698"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Statistical Principles in Experimental Design","author":"Winer B. 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