{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T21:33:07Z","timestamp":1769376787525,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,16]],"date-time":"2005-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1116201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5402,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Exp. Zool."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty steppe polecats were divided into 2 groups, each consisting of 4 males and 6 females, and subjected to either a natural photoperiod (controls) or alternating periods of short (8 h light\/16 hr dark for 8\u20139 weeks) and long days (16 h light\/8 h dark for 16\u201320 weeks). The experimental photoperiod significantly accelerated sexual maturation in both sexes, with males developing maximal testis size within 57 days and females breeding after an average of 52 days exposure to 16L\/8D. Males in the experimental group completed 2 1\/2 testicular cycles and participated in mating during 3 successive breeding seasons during the 18 month period whereas males in the control group completed a single testicular cycle and only had an opportunity to mate during a single breeding season. Females in the experimental group produced 3 litters whereas females in the control group only gave birth to a single litter. Litter size averaged 6.9 \u00b1 2.0 (n = 23) and did not significantly differ with age, parity, or treatment. Pseudopregnant females returned to estrus within 12 days after the expected date of parturition, were bred, and gave birth to kits. Polecats which were subjected to the experimental photoperiods completed more molting cycles and underwent more photoperiod\u2010induced changes in body weight than those in the control group.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Death or removal of kits within 8 days after birth resulted in 12\/12 females returning to estrus within 6\u201326 days. Eleven of these females were remated and gave birth to kits. Eight domestic ferrets readily accepted neonatal polecat kits and 5 successfully reared kits, although kit survivial was quite poor. These results clearly demonstrate the potential of these techniques for inducing precocious sexual maturation and production of multiple litters each year.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402550211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T12:57:32Z","timestamp":1118494652000},"page":"232-238","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Photomanipulation of sexual maturation and breeding cycle of the steppe polecat (<i>Mustela eversmanni<\/i>) and other techniques for more rapid propagation of the species"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"255","author":[{"given":"Rodney A.","family":"Mead","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Neirinckx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs (No. 8), The Black\u2010Footed Ferret","author":"Anderson E.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1932.0028"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"315","article-title":"Modification of mammalian sexual cycles. 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S.","year":"1951","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1071\/BI9580187","article-title":"The effects of day length on the coat\u2010shedding cycles, body weight and reproduction of the ferret","volume":"2","author":"Harvey N. E.","year":"1958","journal-title":"Aust. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Raising and reproduction of masked polecat","volume":"2","author":"Lui L. Y.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Fur Anim. Raising"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1070031"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctt2250xjr.13","volume-title":"Conservation Biology and the Black\u2010Footed Ferret","author":"Mead R. A.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mead R. A. S. Neirinckx andN. 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