{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T20:47:43Z","timestamp":1761338863560},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,10]],"date-time":"2005-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1115683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3617,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Exp. Zool."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Annetocin, an oxytocin\u2010related peptide recently isolated from the lumbricid earthworm <jats:italic>Eisenia foetida<\/jats:italic>, and putative transmitter substances were examined for their effects on rhythmic, spontaneous contractions of isolated gut preparations of the earthworm. Significant, dose\u2010dependent effects of the following substances were observed: acetylcholine (ACh), gamma\u2010aminobutyric acid (GABA), and dopamine were excitatory, while serotonin (5\u2010HT) and octopamine were inhibitory. Annetocin, oxytocin, and vasotocin stimulated spontaneous contraction of the earthworm gut, annetocin being approximately 10\u2010fold more potent than oxytocin or vasotocin. However, arginine\u2010vasopressin (Arg\u2010vasopressin), lysine\u2010vasopressin (Lys\u2010vasopressin), tocinoic acid (N\u2010terminal hexapeptide fragment of oxytocin), and MSH release\u2010inhibiting factor (MIF; C\u2010terminal tripeptide fragment of oxytocin) did not show any effect on the earthworm gut motility. On the other hand, oxytocin, vasotocin, Arg\u2010vasopressin, Lys\u2010vasopressin, and tocinoic acid caused spontaneous contractions of isolated rat uterine preparations, where the potency was in this order, while annetocin and MIF exerted no oxytocic activity on the uterus. Dose\u2010response relationship of the effects of annetocin and its related peptides on the annelid and mammalian systems shows that amino acid residue at the third position of these peptides is important for exertion of excitatory action on the smooth muscle systems. The results in the present study suggest that receptors for annetocin and for GABA on the earthworm gut, unlike those for ACh, desensitize during continuous exposure to these substances. \u00a9 1995 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402720303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,10]],"date-time":"2005-06-10T23:11:59Z","timestamp":1118445119000},"page":"184-193","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Effects of annetocin, an oxytocin\u2010related peptide isolated from the earthworm <i>Eisenia foetida<\/i>, and some putative neurotransmitters on gut motility of the earthworm"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"272","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Ukena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Oumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Matsushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Minakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Nomoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1980.0116"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"1147","volume-title":"Current Study in Comparative Endocrinology","author":"Acher R.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.21.1-2.46","article-title":"Some observations on the physiology and pharmacology of the nerve endings in the crop and gizzard of the earthworm, with special reference to the effects of cooling","volume":"21","author":"Ambache N.","year":"1945","journal-title":"J. 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