{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T15:21:34Z","timestamp":1765380094611},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]],"date-time":"2012-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Exp. Zool."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The geniohyoid muscle (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GH<\/jats:styled-content>) is a critical suprahyoid muscle in most mammalian oropharyngeal motor activities. We used sonomicrometry to evaluate regional strain (i.e., changes in length) in the muscle origin, belly, and insertion during suckling in infant pigs, and compared the results to existing information on strain heterogeneity in the hyoid musculature. We tested the hypothesis that during rhythmic activity, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GH<\/jats:styled-content> shows regional variation in muscle strain. We used sonomicrometry transducer pairs to divide the muscle into three regions from anterior to posterior. The results showed differences in strain among the regions within a feeding cycle; however, no region consistently shortened or lengthened over the course of a cycle. Moreover, regional strain patterns were not correlated with timing of the suck cycles, neither (1) relative to a swallow cycle (before or after) nor (2) to the time in feeding sequence (early or late). We also found a tight relationship between muscle activity and muscle strain, however, the relative timing of muscle activity and muscle strain was different in some muscle regions and between individuals. A dissection of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>1 innervations of the geniohyoid showed that there are between one and three branches entering the muscle, possibly explaining the variation seen in regional activity and strain. In combination, our findings suggest that regional heterogeneity in muscle strain during patterned suckling behavior functions to stabilize the hyoid bone, whereas the predictable regional strain differences in reflexive behaviors may be necessary for faster and higher amplitude movements of the hyoid bone. <jats:italic>J. Exp. Zool. 317A:359\u2013370, 2012<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,2]],"date-time":"2012-05-02T04:45:04Z","timestamp":1335933904000},"page":"359-370","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Regional Variation in Geniohyoid Muscle Strain During Suckling in the Infant Pig"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"317","author":[{"given":"SHAINA DEVI","family":"HOLMAN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland"},{"name":"Department of Pain and Neural Sciences University of Maryland School of Dentistry  Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"NICOLAI","family":"KONOW","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland"},{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Brown University  Providence Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"STACEY","family":"L. LUKASIK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"REBECCA Z.","family":"GERMAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland"},{"name":"Department of Pain and Neural Sciences University of Maryland School of Dentistry  Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.038018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e32832b312a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icr026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/258069a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1971.sp009454"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-011-9339-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"272","article-title":"Variation in emg activity: a hierarchical approach","volume":"48","author":"German RZ","year":"2008","journal-title":"Integr Comp Bio"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00100.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2010.0359"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9969(01)00092-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00353.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(87)90077-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154411130201300505"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199802)250:2<146::AID-AR3>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-010-9315-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002219900250"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00450.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00456.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1987.62.2.582"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.655"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.71.4.1346","article-title":"Effect of geniohyoid and sternohyoid muscle contraction on upper airway resistance in the cat","volume":"71","author":"Wiegand DA","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Apply Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00332.2002"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjez.1729","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jez.1729","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T03:07:37Z","timestamp":1698635257000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jez.1729"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jez.1729"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jez.1729","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-5223","1932-5231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-5223","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-5231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}}}