{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T10:20:05Z","timestamp":1758709205012},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,30]],"date-time":"2014-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Exp. Zool"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label \/><jats:p>To evaluate the influence of ploidy elevation and aneuploidy on spermatozoa in the loach <jats:italic>Misgurnus anguillicaudatus<\/jats:italic>, we investigated some parameters (motility, concentration, and viability), fine structures (gross morphology, head size, and flagellum length), and energy\u2010related biochemical factors (volume of mitochondrial mass per cell and ATP content) in diploid, hyper\u2010diploid, and hexaploid\u2010range spermatozoa produced in natural tetraploid, hyper\u2010tetraploid, and hyper\u2010triploid male loaches, respectively. Diploid spermatozoa exhibited vigorous movement and sufficient duration of motility similar to those in haploid spermatozoa. They had longer flagella, higher numbers and larger volume of mitochondria, and higher ATP content than haploid spermatozoa of wild\u2010type diploids. No differences were observed in parameters and morphological characteristics between diploid and hyper\u2010diploid spermatozoa. In contrast, the hexaploid\u2010range spermatozoa of hyper\u2010triploid males exhibited poor progressive motility in spite of a higher ATP content of spermatozoa. Spermatozoa with no flagella (36.0%) or multiple flagella (18.6%) were also observed in hyper\u2010triploids. Ratios of head to flagellum length in hexaploid\u2010range spermatozoa were significantly different from those of haploid spermatozoa. In addition to the normal 9\u2009+\u20092 microtubule structure of the flagellum, an abnormal 9\u2009+\u20091 microtubule structure was also observed in the spermatozoa of hyper\u2010triploids. <jats:italic>J. Exp. Zool. 321A: 198\u2013206, 2014<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1851","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,30]],"date-time":"2014-01-30T12:29:26Z","timestamp":1391084966000},"page":"198-206","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Comparison of spermatozoa parameters, fine structures, and energy\u2010related factors among tetraploid, hyper\u2010tetraploid, and hyper\u2010triploid loaches (<i>Misgurnus anguillicaudatus<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"321","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty and Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences Hokkaido University Hakodate Hokkaido Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taiju","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of 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