{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T22:18:59Z","timestamp":1768515539986,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,11]],"date-time":"2015-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1423612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Exp. Zool."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>The present experiments investigated the effect of water quality characteristics on the condition factor, the ovarian activity, cortisol level, and the immunoreactivity of stress\u2010response cells (adrenocorticotropic hormone; ACTH\u2010 and melanin stimulating hormone; MSH\u2010 and somatolactin; SL\u2010 secreting cells) and gonadotropin (GTH)\u2010secreting cells in the pituitary gland of Nile tilapia, <jats:italic>Oreochromis niloticus<\/jats:italic>. After 3 months of exposure to mixtures of water from different sources (Tap and Lake Manzalah waters), with high levels of minerals and heavy metals, water quality affected the number, size, and immunostaining of stress\u2010response\u2010immunoreactive (ir) cells and GTH\u2010ir cells, which showed a dramatic decrease in their size. The integrated optical density (IOD) of immunoreactivity of MSH\u2010 and GTH\u2010 cells was significantly increased; however, it was significantly decreased for ACTH\u2010 and SL\u2010 cells. Also, high levels of cortisol were observed in females exposed to waters with high concentrations of minerals and heavy metals. In parallel, low values of gonadosomatic index (GSI%) and the ovarian histology revealed a decrease of maturing follicles concomitant with an increase of atretic follicles in females exposed to Lake Manzalah polluted water. Taken together, the increased activity of stress\u2010response\u2010ir pituitary cells, serum cortisol level and ovarian atretic follicles in response to elevated concentrations of minerals and heavy metals, supports the possible role of ACTH, MSH, and SL in the adaptive stress response of fish. Therefore, minerals and heavy metals must be considered when discussing tilapia aquaculture status. <jats:italic>J. Exp. Zool. 323A: 146\u2013159, 2015<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,13]],"date-time":"2015-02-13T09:37:18Z","timestamp":1423820238000},"page":"146-159","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The effect of water quality on the immunoreactivity of stress\u2010response cells and gonadotropin\u2010secreting cells in the pituitary gland of Nile tilapia, <i>Oreochromis niloticus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"323","author":[{"given":"Mostafa A.","family":"Mousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fish Reproduction Laboratory National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amal A.E.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology Department Faculty of Women for Arts Education and Science Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amal M.","family":"Hashem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology Department Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noha A.","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fish Reproduction Laboratory National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2008-6970-4-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620170108"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","article-title":"Disruption of mercury within different trophic levels of the Okefenokee Swamp, within tissues of top level predators, and reproductive effects of methyl mercury in the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","author":"Arnold BS","year":"2000","journal-title":"[PhD thesis]."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(84)90138-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.1995.1122"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/42.3.517"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-8030(91)90019-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"111","volume-title":"Biological indicators of aquatic ecosystems stress","author":"Barton BA","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-445X(98)00042-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(02)00194-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Biological stains","author":"Conn HJ","year":"1953"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1897\/08-151.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","volume-title":"Handbook of histopathological and histochemical techniques","author":"Culling CFA","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Reproductive indices as measures of the effects of environmental stressors in fish","volume":"8","author":"Donaldson EM","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am Fish Soc Symp"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2006.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"248","article-title":"The effect of water quality on the reproductive biology of the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in Lake Manzalah","author":"El\u2010Gohary NM","year":"2001","journal-title":"[PhD thesis]"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"224","article-title":"Effect of drainage water on fish farms at Lake Manzalah, Egypt","author":"El\u2010Shebly AAA","year":"1994","journal-title":"[PhD thesis]"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874336601003020030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/ejh.2010.e45"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-445X(90)90073-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-012-0905-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"117","volume-title":"Fish Physiology Vol. 9, Part B","author":"Goetz FW","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"473","volume-title":"A general, comparative and clinical endocrinology of the adrenal cortex, Vol. 3","author":"Henderson IW","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/153537020422900506"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620170107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1873-0140(05)80015-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00212086"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018699405158"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.1996.6821"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.2001.tb00168.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"An immunocytochemical study on the pituitary gonadotropic and thyrotropic cells in the catfish, Claria batrachus, after mercury treatment","volume":"2","author":"Joy KP","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biol Struct Morphog"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2005.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)61983-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/jbs.2007.1102.1111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1734"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(84)90049-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(98)00328-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod50.4.802"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/11250009109355730"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.06.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Control of the endocrine stress response in goldfish (Carassius auratus)","author":"Lim JE","year":"2013","journal-title":"[MSc Thesis]"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.1993.1077"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008924418720"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","first-page":"515","article-title":"The efficacy of clove oil as an anaesthetic during the induction of spawning of thin\u2010lipped grey mullet, Liza ramada (Risso)","volume":"45","author":"Mousa MA","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Egypt Ger Soc Zool"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Influence of environmental factors on ovarian maturation and the activity of some pituitary\u2010hormone secreting cells in the female of Paraeutropius buffei (Schilbeidae)","volume":"54","author":"Mousa MA","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Egypt Ger Soc Zool"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.1998.7200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-010X(19990801)284:3<343::AID-JEZ12>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-010X(20000615)287:1<62::AID-JEZ8>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-6480(02)00611-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","first-page":"231","article-title":"Influence of environmental factors on testes maturation and the activity of some pituitary\u2010hormone secreting cells in males of Paraeutropius buffei (Schilbeidae)","volume":"6","author":"Mousa MA","year":"2010","journal-title":"Egypt J Exp Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Effect of mercuric chloride and cadmium chloride on gonadal function and its regulation in sexually mature common carp, Cyprinus carpio","volume":"7","author":"Mukherjee D","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000114156"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2007.10.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","volume-title":"Biology of farmed fish","author":"Pickering AD","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Metalloregulatory proteins and molecular mechanisms of heavy metal signal transduction","volume":"8","author":"Ralston DM","year":"1990","journal-title":"Adv Inorg Biochem"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1380509"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.2000.7480"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2003.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2004.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00234176"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007781606592"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1550121"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/21.2.325"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8659(1986)115<75:EOLPOR>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2003.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1997.77.3.591"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for drinking water quality","author":"World Heath Organization","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-1136(00)00042-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-6480(96)90191-4"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjez.1901","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jez.1901","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T20:16:38Z","timestamp":1696364198000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jez.1901"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,11]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jez.1901"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jez.1901","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-5223","1932-5231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-5223","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-5231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,11]]}}}