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Exp. Zool."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Studies regarding the effects of endocrine\u2010disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on the reproductive functions of wild animals have raised increasing concern. Thus, here we evaluated the consequences of <jats:italic>in ovo<\/jats:italic> exposure to endosulfan (END) and bisphenol A (BPA) in testes from neonatal to juvenile (Juv) caimans (<jats:italic>Caiman latirostris<\/jats:italic>). Caiman eggs were collected from areas with low to moderate anthropogenic intervention and incubated at male\u2010producing temperature. At stage 20 of embryonic development (previous to gonad sex determination), eggs were exposed to either END (20\u2009ppm) or BPA (1.4\u2009ppm) and male gonad histomorphology examined in 10\u2010day\u2010old, 90\u2010day\u2010old, and Juv caimans. The relative seminiferous tubular area (RTA) was measured in testes and the proliferation index and the expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ER\u03b1) were quantified in intratubular cells. Regardless of the treatment, all eggs resulted in male hatchlings. The testes of EDC\u2010exposed caimans presented tortuous seminiferous tubules with empty tubular lumens. The RTA of 10\u2010day\u2010old caimans exposed to BPA was decreased. The percentage of cells expressing ER\u03b1 was not different after <jats:italic>in ovo<\/jats:italic> treatment with EDCs (compared to the Control group), although caimans exposed to END showed a different ER\u03b1 distribution pattern. The proliferation index was lower in 90\u2010day\u2010old caimans exposed to END, and higher in Juv caimans exposed to BPA. <jats:italic>In ovo<\/jats:italic> exposure to END or BPA modified sensitive parameters of <jats:italic>C. latirostris<\/jats:italic> male gonads. The alterations described here might compromise not only the sexual maturation but also the reproductive performance of adult caimans. <jats:italic>J. Exp. 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