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Exp. Zool."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The metabolic increment that occurs after feeding demands cardiovascular adjustments to be maintained, as increased heart rate (<jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>) and cardiac output. In mammals, postprandial tachycardia seems to be triggered by an increase in adrenergic activity and by nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) factors, while in ectothermic vertebrates, this adjustment seems to be linked to a withdrawal of vagal drive as well as to NANC factors. Because the factors behind postprandial tachycardia have not yet been investigated in crocodilians, the present study sought to evaluate the postprandial tachycardia mediators in the broad\u2010nosed caiman. To this end, fasting and digesting animals were instrumented with intraperitoneal cannula and subcutaneous electrocardiogram electrodes (for the measurement of <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>, cardiac autonomic tones, and total <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub> variability, as well as for a power spectral analysis of <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>). Data were then collected with the animals in an untreated state, as well as after muscarinic cholinergic blockade with atropine (2.5\u00a0mg\u00a0kg<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>) and after double autonomic blockade with atropine and propranolol (5.0 mg kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). Fasting animals\u2019 <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub> was \u223c18 bpm, a value which increased to \u223c30 bpm during digestion. After the double autonomic blockade, fasting animals exhibited an <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub> of \u223c15 bpm, while digesting animals\u2019 <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub> was \u223c23 bpm. This result is evidence of the presence of NANC factors with positive chronotropic effects acting during digestion. The calculated autonomic tones showed that, after feeding, the adrenergic tone increased while the cholinergic tone remained unchanged. Finally, <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub> variability analyses revealed that this adrenergic increase is primarily derived from circulating catecholamines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.2036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,21]],"date-time":"2016-09-21T06:16:47Z","timestamp":1474438607000},"page":"524-531","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Effects of Feeding on Cardiac Control of the Broad\u2010Nosed Caiman (<i>Caiman latirostris<\/i>): The Role of the Autonomic Nervous System and NANC Factors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"325","author":[{"given":"Victor Hugo Da Silva","family":"Braga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology and Botany S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP)  S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"National Institute of Science and Technology in Comparative Physiology (INCT\u2013FAPESP\/CNPq)  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vinicius Ara\u00fajo","family":"Armelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology and Botany S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP)  S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"National Institute of Science and Technology in Comparative Physiology (INCT\u2013FAPESP\/CNPq)  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariana Teodoro","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology and Botany S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP)  S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"National Institute of Science and Technology in Comparative Physiology (INCT\u2013FAPESP\/CNPq)  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Augusto Shinya","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Science and Technology in Comparative Physiology (INCT\u2013FAPESP\/CNPq)  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Zoology S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP)  Rio Claro S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Aquaculture Center (CAUNESP) S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP)  Jaboticabal S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco Tadeu","family":"Rantin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Science and Technology in Comparative Physiology (INCT\u2013FAPESP\/CNPq)  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos (UFSCar)  S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luiz Henrique","family":"Florindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology and Botany S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP)  S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto S\u00e3o Paulo 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