{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T16:13:13Z","timestamp":1758125593788,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,18]],"date-time":"2017-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":79,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Exp Zool Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mounting an immunological response is energetically demanding and necessarily redirects allocation of resources toward immune system activation and away from other energetically expensive processes, such as reproduction. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of the outer membrane of the cell wall of Gram\u2010negative bacteria <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, mimics a bacterial infection without producing the cost of replicating the pathogen and is one of the most commonly used agents to induce an acute phase immune response. Here, we ask if a trade\u2010off can be induced between activation of the acute phase immune response and sperm function, a key indicator of sperm competitive ability. Further, we ask whether repeated exposure to this endotoxin in a social species such as the house sparrow (<jats:italic>Passer domesticus<\/jats:italic>), where repeated pathogen exposure may be common, may have a more pronounced effect. To address our questions, we exposed individuals to two rounds of LPS treatment or control, to mimic a repeated pathogen exposure in the wild. We predicted that repeated pathogen exposure would have detrimental effects on sperm quality, and therefore, reproductive success. We compared a measure of sperm quality (straight\u2010line velocity) in captive male house sparrows between LPS\u2010treated and control individuals. We found that although LPS treatment impaired circulating testosterone and induced a hypothermic state when compared with controls, it did not affect sperm quality within days or weeks following a single or repeated LPS exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.2110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,18]],"date-time":"2017-09-18T14:33:34Z","timestamp":1505745214000},"page":"398-406","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Repeated immune challenges affect testosterone but not sperm quality"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"327","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5991-8911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie B.","family":"Needham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences North Dakota State University  Fargo North Dakota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aurelia C.","family":"Kucera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences North Dakota State University  Fargo North Dakota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Britt J.","family":"Heidinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences North Dakota State University  Fargo North Dakota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Greives","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences North Dakota State University  Fargo North Dakota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.049528"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.05.110174.001545"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/424971"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.34.030102.151725"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/rnd:19730302"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195304114.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1999.0843"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-3472(95)80217-7"},{"volume-title":"Sperm competition and sexual selection","year":"1998","author":"Birkhead T. R.","key":"e_1_2_7_10_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3677051"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1994.0077"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/346134"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.137.10.8828518"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/317521"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1938676"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-003-0682-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00024382-199701000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307306101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2010.01696.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0721301"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1975.sp011188"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2006.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308114100"},{"volume-title":"Ecoimmunology","year":"2011","author":"Demas G.","key":"e_1_2_7_25_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2003.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(82)90146-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1937334"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000097211"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-585-37970-8_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1997.273.1.R181"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1539953"},{"volume-title":"Artificial Breeding of Non\u2010Domestic Animals","year":"1978","author":"Gee G. F.","key":"e_1_2_7_33_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00377.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/425194"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(88)80004-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-220710"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0018-506X(86)90039-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.1998.tb02832.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156853979X00377"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1936685"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-003-1243-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(93)90215-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/4089416"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1365665"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2000.tb03277.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","first-page":"2817","article-title":"Functions, costs, and benefits of the immune system during development and growth","volume":"69","author":"Klasing K. C.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ostrich"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2009.00725.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","first-page":"95","article-title":"Potential role of reactive oxygen species on testicular pathology associated with infertility","volume":"5","author":"Koksal I. T.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Andrology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2010.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2004.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-005-0113-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0706.2000.880110.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022221"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-120-12-199406150-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/22.3.525"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003600050134"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2004.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1650\/0010-5422(2002)104[0705:AFHRAR]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/rp.57.1.149"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3454(08)60405-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1592655"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2016.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","first-page":"1193","article-title":"An introduction to behavioral endocrinology","volume":"51","author":"Nelson R. J.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Animal Behavior"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0963-7214.2004.00307.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2170\/jjphysiol.53.253"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.1.7240"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2005.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.02371"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10336-007-0197-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","first-page":"54","article-title":"Sperm competition and the evolution of ejaculates: Towards a theory base","volume":"3","author":"Parker G. A.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sperm Competition and Sexual Selection"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/77.2.248"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1976.230.5.1284","article-title":"Changes in body temperature produced by prostaglandins and pyrogens in the chicken","volume":"230","author":"Pittman Q. J.","year":"1976","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35015558"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2006.0080"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-372568-4.00006-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-8-332"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(91)90122-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","first-page":"122","article-title":"Living in groups: Is there an optimal group size","volume":"2","author":"Pulliam H. R.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Behav Ecol Evol Approach"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_1","unstructured":"R Core Team.2014.R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing Vienna Austria 2012. ISBN 3\u2010900051\u201007\u20100."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1461-0248.2000.00154.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2006.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-9877(98)90022-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2006.04.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2005.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_87_1","first-page":"1363","article-title":"Regulation of spermatogenesis","volume":"1","author":"Sharpe R. M.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Physiology of Reproduction"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/674789"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2007.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2004.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0151"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2007.00513.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09582.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/brbi.1995.1026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00060793-199604000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1996.0199"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)01850-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1996.74102431x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1995.0064"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1991.0114"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_101_1","article-title":"Computer assisted sperm analysis using ImageJ; description of necessary components and use of free software","author":"Wilson\u2010Leedy J.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Idaho"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2006.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_103_1","first-page":"602","article-title":"Testosterone and aggression in birds","volume":"75","author":"Wingfield J. C.","year":"1987","journal-title":"American Scientist"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/285134"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-124-6-3043"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological and Integrative Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjez.2110","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jez.2110","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T17:19:37Z","timestamp":1696007977000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jez.2110"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"references-count":104,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jez.2110"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jez.2110","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2471-5638","2471-5646"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2471-5638"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2471-5646"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]}}}