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In birds, these effects include advancement of morning activity and onset of dawn song, which may affect extra\u2010pair paternity. Advanced dawn song of males may stimulate females to engage in extra\u2010pair copulations, and the earlier activity onset may affect the males\u2019 mate guarding behavior. Earlier work showed an effect of light at night on extra\u2010pair behavior, but this was in an area with other anthropogenic disturbances. Here, we present a two\u2010year experimental study on effects of light at night on extra\u2010pair paternity of great tits (<jats:italic>Parus major<\/jats:italic>). Previously dark natural areas were illuminated with white, red, and green LED lamps and compared to a dark control. In 2014, the proportion of extra\u2010pair young in broods increased with distance to the red and white lamps (i.e., at lower light intensities), but decreased with distance to the poles in the dark control. In 2013, we found no effects on the proportion of extra\u2010pair young. The total number of offspring sired by a male was unaffected by artificial light at night in both years, suggesting that potential changes in female fidelity in pairs breeding close to white and red light did not translate into fitness benefits for the males of these pairs. Artificial light at night might disrupt the natural patterns of extra\u2010pair paternity, possibly negates potential benefits of extra\u2010pair copulations and thus could alter sexual selection processes in wild birds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.2193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]],"date-time":"2018-06-28T06:30:15Z","timestamp":1530167415000},"page":"441-448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of experimental light at night on extra\u2010pair paternity in a songbird"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"329","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0202-1115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maaike","family":"de Jong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO\u2010KNAW)  Wageningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Pan\u2010European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme Czech Society for Ornithology  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koosje P.","family":"Lamers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO\u2010KNAW)  Wageningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Eugster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO\u2010KNAW)  Wageningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny Q.","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO\u2010KNAW)  Wageningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Biology University of Nevada, Reno  Reno Nevada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics Max Planck Institute for Ornithology  Seewiesen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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