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We analyzed peripheral blood cells to determine if we could monitor some physiological responses of the American alligator following capture stress. Juvenile American alligators were restrained for 16\u2009h to examine the stress response in plasma and blood cells. Plasma corticosterone concentrations were increased by restraint as were plasma concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), uric acid, and glucose; a sexually dimorphic response was seen in AST and CK concentrations. The lapse time of restraint was associated with altered messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of the glucocorticoid receptor (<jats:italic>GCR<\/jats:italic>) in red blood cells and <jats:italic>JUN<\/jats:italic> proto\u2010oncogene in both white and red blood cells. A two\u2010way cluster analysis revealed that two major clusters of factors were associated with the responses seen: (a) mRNA levels of <jats:italic>GCR<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>heat\u2010shock proteins<\/jats:italic> in both blood cells were associated with plasma corticosterone concentration, whereas (b) <jats:italic>androgen receptors<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>JUN<\/jats:italic> mRNA levels in both blood cells were associated with cloacal temperature and body composition. Blood cells appear to be an excellent source to examine the cellular stress response to steroid hormone signals in mRNA levels. We propose that this approach, using blood cells, could provide essential insights into the molecular responses associated with stress in reptiles as well as many other nontraditional model species, including endangered species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.2337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]],"date-time":"2019-12-30T06:40:43Z","timestamp":1577688043000},"page":"151-163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Stress responses in the chemistry and mRNA abundance of the peripheral blood in the American alligator"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"333","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6184-3616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satomi","family":"Kohno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology St Cloud State University  St Cloud Minnesota"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, CoEE Center for Marine Genomics and Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Center Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), and Charleston  Charleston South Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, CoEE Center for Marine Genomics and Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Center Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), and Charleston  Charleston South Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Louis J.","family":"Guillette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, CoEE Center for Marine Genomics and Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Center Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), and Charleston  Charleston South Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-0496"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-17-3-245"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/42.3.517"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.22.2996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9780511804021.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(94)00178-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.112797"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.021101199"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.a.10233"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2007.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-1222-2_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1532-0456(03)00138-8"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"855","article-title":"The reproductive hormone cycle of adult female American alligators from a barrier island population","volume":"147","author":"Hamlin H. 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