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Over the life span of mammals, the thymus undergoes morphological and functional alterations, including an age\u2010related involution, which in humans starts in early life. Life history tradeoffs have been suggested as possible reasons for thymus involution. While in teleost fish, only a few studies have investigated alterations of thymus structure and function over different life stages, resulting in a fragmented database. Here, we investigated the thymus growth of zebrafish (<jats:italic>Danio rerio<\/jats:italic>) from early life, throughout puberty and reproductive stage, up to 1\u2010year\u2010old. We assessed thymus growth by histological and morphometric analyses and thymocyte numbers. Thymus function was assessed by measuring the transcripts of the thymocyte marker genes,<jats:italic>ikaros<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>tcr\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>tcr\u03b4<\/jats:italic>. Additionally, we analyzed gonad maturity and tail homogenate vitellogenin concentrations to align thymus status with the status of the reproductive system. Our results showed that the zebrafish thymus, in contrast to the human thymus, grew strongly during early life and puberty but started to undergo involution when the fish reached the reproductive age. The involution was characterized by reduced thymus area and thymocyte number, altered histoarchitecture, and decreasing thymocyte marker gene transcript levels. Our findings suggest that age\u2010related changes of the zebrafish thymus do exist and could be partly explained in terms of resource tradeoffs, but also in terms of the ontogenetically late development of a functional adaptive immune system in teleosts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.2435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,11]],"date-time":"2020-12-11T18:09:52Z","timestamp":1607710192000},"page":"805-819","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Thymus development in the zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio<\/i>) from an ecoimmunology perspective"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"333","author":[{"given":"Larissa","family":"Kernen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Rieder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for 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