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The fish were exposed to 200\u2013800\u2009\u00b5l\/L citronellal to find the anesthesia induction and recovery times. The deep anesthesia stage was reached within 117\u2013613\u2009s, using 800\u2013200\u2009\u00b5l\/L citronellal, respectively, and all fish recovered within 240\u2013420\u2009s. To assess biochemical responses, the fish were exposed to 200, 400, 600, and 800\u2009\u00b5l\/L of citronellal and blood\u2010sampled after deep anesthesia. The\u00a0results showed that anesthesia led to significant elevations in blood erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, plasma lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase; these parameters exhibited increasing trends as citronellal concentration increased. These results along with significantly higher plasma lysozyme activity, cortisol, and glucose levels in 200\u2009\u00b5l\/L treatment suggest that an increase in citronellal concentration significantly mitigates hypoxia\/stress responses in the fish. Significant elevations in plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and malondialdehyde level were observed in the 200\u2009\u00b5l\/L treatment, which suggests induction of hemolysis and oxidative stress in this treatment. There was a tendency to higher ammonia levels along with the increase in citronellal concentration, which might be due to early ammonia accumulation because of lower opercular movement in the fish. Except for blood hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume, there were no significant differences between the 600 and 800\u2009\u00b5l\/L citronellal treatments. In conclusion, high concentrations of citronellal are more suitable for trout anesthesia and blood sampling than low concentrations. Based on the present study, 600\u2013800\u2009\u00b5l\/L citronellal is recommended for trout anesthesia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.2560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T13:09:09Z","timestamp":1637932149000},"page":"227-237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Anesthesia of rainbow trout with citronellal: Efficacy and biochemical effects"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"337","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9824-5430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyyed Morteza","family":"Hoseini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Inland Waters Aquatics Resources Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization Gorgan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Taheri Mirghaed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esmail","family":"Pagheh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inland Waters Aquatics Resources Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization Gorgan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Hossein","family":"Hoseinifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Gorgan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hien","family":"Van Doan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand"},{"name":"Science and Technology Research Institute Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.735099"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.1997.6938"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.734999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.736134"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2018.03.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/42.3.517"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.735676"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11160-010-9188-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2008.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"Practical hematology","author":"Dacie J.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Techniques in fish immunology","author":"Ellis A. 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