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We examined these responses in two unstressed, and stressed Amazonian caimans,<jats:italic>Caiman crocodilus<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Melanosuchus niger<\/jats:italic>. Plasma corticosterone levels increased in both stressed caiman species. In<jats:italic>M. niger<\/jats:italic>, the levels of this hormone increased 5.2\u2010fold compared with the basal range values, while in<jats:italic>C. crocodilus<\/jats:italic>this was only 1.7\u2010fold. After stress,<jats:italic>M. niger<\/jats:italic>needed more than 6\u2009h to return its corticosterone levels to basal range values, whereas in<jats:italic>C. crocodilus<\/jats:italic>just 0.5\u2009h was enough. Downstream events were characterized by an increase in glucose levels, which is associated with corticosterone increments. Excessive muscle activity resulted in increased plasma lactate content in both species. Lactate levels were also related to plasma calcium concentration, possibly due to the buffering capacity for preventing lactic acidosis. Clearance of excessive lactate load was faster in<jats:italic>M. niger<\/jats:italic>(0.5\u2009h) than in<jats:italic>C. crocodilus<\/jats:italic>(more than 6\u2009h). Although both caiman species respond in the same way to capture, the amplitude and duration of activation of the HPA axis are different.<jats:italic>M. niger<\/jats:italic>may be potentially more sensitive to acute stress than<jats:italic>C. crocodilus<\/jats:italic>. On the other hand,<jats:italic>C. crocodilus<\/jats:italic>needs more time to recover from the lactic acid load. Our experiment provides a useful diagnostic tool for management and conservation programs, as well as evaluating the impacts of tourism and recreational capture on caimans in the Amazon.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.2565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T18:14:43Z","timestamp":1639505683000},"page":"282-292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Physiological stress response in free\u2010living Amazonian caimans following experimental capture"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"337","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1279-7163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wallice P.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology Federal University of Amazonas Manaus Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janes N. 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