{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:51:23Z","timestamp":1790794283631,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Exp Zool Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>At low tide, the green crab, which is capable of breathing air, may leave the water and walk on the foreshore, carrying branchial chamber fluid (BCF). N\u2010waste metabolism was examined in crabs at rest in seawater (32 ppt, 13\u00b0C), and during 18\u2010h recovery in seawater after 1\u2009h of exhaustive exercise (0.25 BL s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) on a treadmill in air (20\u00b0C\u201323\u00b0C), or 1\u2009h of quiet emersion in air. Measurements were made in parallel to O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> consumption (M\u0307O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), acid\u2010base, cardio\u2010respiratory, and ion data reported previously. At rest, the ammonia\u2010N excretion rate (M\u0307<jats:sub>Amm<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200944\u2009\u00b5mol\u2010N\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u2009h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and ammonia quotient (AQ; M\u0307<jats:sub>Amm<\/jats:sub>\/M\u0307O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.088) were low for a carnivore. Immediately after exercise and return to seawater, M\u0307<jats:sub>Amm<\/jats:sub> increased by 65\u2010fold above control rates. After emersion alone and return to seawater, M\u0307<jats:sub>Amm<\/jats:sub> increased by 17\u2010fold. These ammonia\u2010N bursts were greater, but transient relative to longer\u2010lasting elevations in M\u0307O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, resulting in temporal disturbances of AQ. Intermittent excretion of urea\u2010N and urate\u2010N at rest and during recovery indicated the metabolic importance of these N\u2010wastes. Hemolymph glutamate, glutamine, and PNH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> did not change. Hemolymph ammonia\u2010N, urea\u2010N, and urate\u2010N concentrations increased after exercise and more moderately after emersion, with urate\u2010N exhibiting the largest absolute increments, and urea\u2010N the longest\u2010lasting elevations. All three N\u2010wastes were present in the BCF, with ammonia\u2010N and PNH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> far above hemolymph levels even at rest. BCF volume declined by 34% postemersion and 77% postexercise, with little change in osmolality but large increases in ammonia\u2010N concentrations. Neither rapid flushing of stored BCF nor clearance of hemolymph ammonia\u2010N could explain the surges in M\u0307<jats:sub>Amm<\/jats:sub> after return to seawater.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.2669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,12]],"date-time":"2022-11-12T02:59:10Z","timestamp":1668221950000},"page":"163-179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exercise and emersion in air\u00a0and recovery in seawater in the green crab (<i>Carcinus maenas<\/i>): Effects on nitrogenous wastes and branchial chamber fluid chemistry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"339","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9542-2219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris M.","family":"Wood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre  Bamfield British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biology McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-021-01354-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"123","volume-title":"Global invader: The European green crab","author":"Behrens\u2010Yamada S.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.51.1.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(84)90012-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/28.1.125"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/physzool.60.1.30158626"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.105.1.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(84)90523-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.202.16.2191"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.201.17.2515"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/cjz-2015-0132"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.99.1.161"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00309661"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00431"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.115.1.149"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"Klassen G. 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