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In this study, <jats:italic>H. rugulosus<\/jats:italic> were obtained by stimulating fertilization in the laboratory under natural light and temperature conditions. The gonads were collected and their steroidogenic potential was evaluated by determining the expression level of messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding for cytochrome P450 17\u2010hydroxylase\/C17\u201320 lyase (CYP17) and cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19) using quantitative real\u2010time RT\u2010PCR and the localization of <jats:italic>CYP17<\/jats:italic> mRNA in tissues by in situ hybridization. The <jats:italic>CYP17<\/jats:italic> mRNA levels in males at 4\u201311 weeks postmetamorphosis were higher than in female and intersex gonads. This corresponded to their localization in the gonadal tissues, where C<jats:italic>YP17<\/jats:italic> signals were specifically detected in the Leydig cells of the testis at 5\u201316 weeks postmetamorphosis but was undetectable in all ovary samples. The <jats:italic>CYP19<\/jats:italic> mRNA levels in females at 4\u201311 weeks postmetamorphosis was higher than in male and intersex gonads, which corresponded with gonadal development, indicating the potential steroidogenic function of the ovary. Based on the present results, the role of <jats:italic>CYP17<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CYP19<\/jats:italic> mRNA in sex differentiation in <jats:italic>H. rugulosus<\/jats:italic> may occur after gonadal sex differentiation and the steroidogenic potential of the gonads exhibited a sexual dimorphic pattern. These results provide a crucial basis for further research on the developmental biology in anuran species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.2723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T12:09:55Z","timestamp":1687349395000},"page":"736-748","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Steroidogenic potential of the gonad during sex differentiation in the rice field frog <i>Hoplobatrachus rugulosus<\/i> (Anura: Dicroglossidae)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"339","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0469-0267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thrissawan","family":"Traijitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology Thammasat University  Pathum Thani Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6447-5265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sukanya","family":"Jaroenporn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2819-3302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazue","family":"Nagasawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6247-5106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makoto","family":"Osada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1166-9765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noppadon","family":"Kitana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Biology, BioSentinel Research Group (Special Task Force for Activating Research),\u00a0Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2465-9550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jirarach","family":"Kitana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Biology, BioSentinel Research Group (Special Task Force for Activating Research),\u00a0Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7835637"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11802-019-3786-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"236","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th BRT Annual Conference, Udon Thani, Thailand","author":"Chockchaichomnankit P.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"162","article-title":"Karyotype from liver cells of seven amphibians (Amphibia, Anura) from Thailand","volume":"28","author":"Donsakul T.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Science and Technology Mahasarakham University"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/rnd:2004062"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000448797"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.2000.7503"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093655"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"183","article-title":"A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification","volume":"16","author":"Gosner K. 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