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This study elucidated the structure\u2010function modulations of intra\u2010testicular functions by its capsule in the finch red munia (<jats:italic>Amandava amandava<\/jats:italic>) during the annual testicular cycle. The birds were studied during breeding (preparatory and breeding) and nonbreeding (regressive and quiescent) reproductive phases using hematoxylin\u2010eosin and acridine orange\u2010ethidium bromide capsule staining, hormonal ELISA (LH and testosterone) and immunohistochemical expression of neuropeptides (GnRH, GnIH) and androgen receptor (AR). The thickness of the tunica albuginea was significantly increased with multiple myoid layers during the nonbreeding phases (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The thickness of the tunica serosa was not altered, although characteristics and distribution of squamous cells showed significant seasonal alterations. Immunoreactive (\u2010ir) AR and GnIH cells were differentially localized on both layers of the capsule. Strong AR\u2010ir cells on tunica serosa during breeding phases showed increased expression of the receptor; a significant increase in plasma LH and testosterone was also observed during the breeding cycle (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Contrarily, intense GnIH\u2010ir cells on both the capsular layers peaked during testicular regression. Differential structural alterations of the testicular capsule provide mechanical support and help maintain internal homeostasis in tune with changing seasons. The seasonal expressions and alterations of reproduction\u2010related receptors, hormones, and neuropeptides provide evidence for the potential regulatory roles of the capsule in the peripheral modulation of intratesticular functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.2740","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T07:16:13Z","timestamp":1690960573000},"page":"898-910","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Role of the testicular capsule in seasonal modulation of the testis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"339","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0883-2755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Surya Prakash","family":"Pandey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of Allahabad Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh 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