{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T15:32:09Z","timestamp":1747063929213,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Exp Zool Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using a rat model of type 1 diabetes (T1D) obtained by treatment with streptozotocin, an antibiotic that destroys pancreatic \u03b2\u2010cells, we evaluated the influence of subsequent hyperglycemia on the morphology and physiology of the Harderian gland (HG). HG is located in the medial corner of the orbit of many terrestrial vertebrates and, in rodents, is characterized by the presence of porphyrins, which being involved in the phototransduction, through photo\u2010oxidation, produce reactive oxygen species activating the autophagy pathway. The study focused on the expression of some morphological markers involved in cell junction formation (occludin, connexin\u201043, and \u03b1\u2010tubulin) and mast cell number (MCN), as well as autophagic and apoptotic pathways. The expression of enzymes involved in steroidogenesis [steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), and 3\u03b2\u2010hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3\u03b2\u2010HSD)] and the level of lipid peroxidation by thiobarbituric acid reactive species assay were also evaluated. The results strongly indicate, for the first time, that T1D has a negative impact on the pathophysiology of rat HG, as evidenced by increased oxidative stress, morphological and biochemical alterations, hyperproduction and secretion of porphyrins, increased MCN, reduced protein levels of StAR and 3\u03b2\u2010HSD, and, finally, induced autophagy and apoptosis. All the combined data support the use of the rat HG as a suitable experimental model to elucidate the molecular damage\/survival pathways elicited by stress conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.2741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T11:29:00Z","timestamp":1690802940000},"page":"915-924","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Morphological and molecular changes in the Harderian gland of streptozotocin\u2010induced diabetic rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"339","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9378-178X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Zelinda","family":"Romano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d Napoli Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Boccella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d Napoli Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7357-5353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Venditti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d Napoli Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabatino","family":"Maione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d Napoli Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1007-7840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Minucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d Napoli Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life12091396"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2008.2270"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2018.4453"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2010.148270"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/y91-268"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102551"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2014.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"International Review of Cytology","author":"Chieffi G.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4687(200005)244:2<137::AID-JMOR4>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.2646"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0009-2797(00)00320-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.2.2.2351"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1290227"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2022.151873"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"553","article-title":"The harderian gland and its excretory duct in the Wistar rat. A histological and ultrastructural study","volume":"184","author":"Djeridane Y.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.2000.0973"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13228"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvi.2018.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612811319320005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471141755.ph0547s70"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-013-1170-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54743-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001320405"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2011.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3160"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","first-page":"401","article-title":"Secretory response to light in rat Harderian gland: Possible photoprotective role of Harderian porphyrin","volume":"6","author":"Hugo J.","year":"1987","journal-title":"General Physiology and Biophysics"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.00786"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12757"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2020.110547"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40105-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1176-18.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-192-42978"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2108\/zsj.12.457"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1993.tb00511.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-010X(19970601)278:2<93::AID-JEZ4>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23095128"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.015115"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32604\/biocell.2002.26.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The harderian gland: A tercentennial review","volume":"185","author":"Payne A. P.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0750073"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Harderian gland of wistar rats revised as a protoporphyrin IX producer","volume":"22","author":"Dos Reis E. R.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Morphological Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.2609"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.b.22896"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105115"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2010.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2020.113548"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10050796"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(96)80044-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1009616228304"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(90)90144-l"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201802095"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-3595fje"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.5.7.9610"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(08)03627-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","first-page":"457","volume-title":"Chapter 27 Physiological Autophagy in the Syrian Hamster Harderian Gland, in: Methods in Enzymology","author":"Vega\u2010Naredo* I.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12091210"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112878"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000236217"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2021.105156"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5320(80)90037-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.100594"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1106771"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn2047"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27603"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18091865"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21093289"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00169"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9102236"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological and Integrative Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jez.2741","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T07:14:24Z","timestamp":1698995664000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jez.2741"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jez.2741"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jez.2741","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2471-5638","2471-5646"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2471-5638"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2471-5646"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-02-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}