{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T16:22:17Z","timestamp":1783786937132,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Exp Zool Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cadmium is a male reproductive toxicant that interacts with a variety of pathogenetic mechanisms. However, the effect of cadmium on the regulatory mechanism of the steroidogenic pathway of Leydig cells during spermatogenesis is still ambiguous. Light microscopy, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were\u00a0performed to study the regulatory mechanism of the steroidogenic pathway of Leydig cells during spermatogenesis. The results indicated that in the control group, Leydig cells showed dynamic immunoreactivity and immunosignaling action with a strong positive significant secretion of 3\u03b2\u2010hydroxysteroid hydrogenase (3\u03b2\u2010HSD) in the interstitial compartment of the testis. Leydig cells showed a high active regulator mechanism of the steroidogenic pathway with increased the proteins and genes expression level of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR), cytochrome P450 cholesterol (CYP11A1), cytochrome P450 cholesterol (CYP17A1), 3\u03b2\u2010hydroxysteroid hydrogenase (3\u03b2\u2010HSD) 17\u03b2\u2010hydroxysteroid hydrogenase (17\u03b2\u2010HSD),\u00a0and androgen receptor (AR) that maintained the healthy and vigorous progressive motile spermatozoa. However, on treatment with cadmium, Leydig cells were irregularly dispersed in the interstitial compartment of the testis. Leydig cells showed reduced immunoreactivity and immunosignaling of 3\u03b2\u2010HSD protein. Meanwhile, cadmium impaired the regulatory mechanism of the steroidogenic process of the Leydig cells with reduced protein\u00a0and gene expression levels of STAR, CYP11A1, CYP17A1, 3\u03b2\u2010HSD, 17\u03b2\u2010HSD, and AR in the testis. Additionally, treatment with cadmium impaired the serum LH, FSH, and testosterone levels in blood as compared to control. This study explores the hazardous effect of cadmium on the regulatory mechanism of the steroidogenic pathway of Leydig cells during spermatogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.2758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T10:45:01Z","timestamp":1697798701000},"page":"31-40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Effect of cadmium on the regulatory mechanism of steroidogenic pathway of Leydig cells during spermatogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"341","author":[{"given":"HengLi","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Huaian Cancer Hospital Huai'an Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Huaian Cancer Hospital Huai'an Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohibullah","family":"Kakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Marine Sciences Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine sciences Uthal Balochistan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reem Atalla","family":"Alajmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Amjad","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmeen","family":"Shakir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Hazara University Mansehra Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.06.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.204675"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/26395940.2023.2181124"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-29548-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11223601"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.4928"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfg087"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-008-0313-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.8.2062"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2009.01.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.142.5.8145"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-0090"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/BJMMR\/2013\/2821"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"234","volume-title":"Molecular Biology in Reproductive Medicine","author":"Fauser B.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(97)00090-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6673-1-22"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-12-0465"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/S1016-8478(23)13017-2","article-title":"Vitamin C and vitamin E protect the rat testes from cadmium\u2010induced reactive oxygen species","volume":"17","author":"Gupta R. 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