{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:43:20Z","timestamp":1787067800123,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Exp Zool Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In marine habitats, Atlantic salmon (\n                    <jats:italic>Salmo salar<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) imbibe seawater (SW) to replace body water that is passively lost to the ambient environment. By desalinating consumed SW, the esophagus enables solute\u2010linked water absorption across the intestinal epithelium. The processes underlying esophageal desalination in salmon and their hormonal regulation during smoltification and following SW exposure are unresolved. To address this, we considered whether two Na\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/H\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    exchangers (Nhe2 and \u22123) expressed in the esophagus contribute to the uptake of Na\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    from lumenal SW. There were no seasonal changes in esophageal\n                    <jats:italic>nhe2<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>\u22123<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression during smoltification; however,\n                    <jats:italic>nhe3<\/jats:italic>\n                    increased following 48\u2009h of SW exposure in May. Esophageal\n                    <jats:italic>nhe2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>\u22123<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>growth hormone receptor b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    were elevated in smolts acclimated to SW for 2.5 weeks. Treatment with cortisol stimulated branchial Na\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010ATPase (Nka) activity, and\n                    <jats:italic>Na<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>+<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:italic>\/K<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>+<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:italic>\/2Cl<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>\u2212<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:italic>cotransporter 1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>nkcc1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ),\n                    <jats:italic>cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator 1 (cftr1)<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>nka\u2010\u03b11b<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression. Esophageal\n                    <jats:italic>nhe2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , but not\n                    <jats:italic>nhe3<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression, was stimulated by cortisol. In anterior intestine, cortisol stimulated\n                    <jats:italic>nkcc2, cftr2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>nka\u2010\u03b11b<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Our findings indicate that salinity stimulates esophageal\n                    <jats:italic>nhe2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>\u22123<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and that cortisol coordinates the expression of esophageal, intestinal, and branchial solute transporters to support the SW adaptability of Atlantic salmon.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.2766","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T20:17:35Z","timestamp":1701116255000},"page":"107-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Transcriptional regulation of esophageal, intestinal, and branchial solute transporters by salinity, growth hormone, and cortisol in Atlantic salmon"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"341","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1193-4389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason P.","family":"Breves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Skidmore College Saratoga Springs New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellie R.","family":"Runiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Skidmore College Saratoga Springs New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sierra G.","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Skidmore College Saratoga Springs New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena E.","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Skidmore College Saratoga Springs New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0621-6200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen D.","family":"McCormick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.1991.tb04373.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007712413908"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Salmonid smolting: A pre\u2010adaptation to the oceanic environment","author":"Boeuf G.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.024117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12899-017-0028-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-022-01443-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2020.110989"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(83)90059-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00004356"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2022.739164"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2014.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003600050094"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"501","article-title":"Roles of cortisol and carbonic anhydrase in acid\u2010base compensation in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss","volume":"181","author":"Gilmour K. 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