{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:47:32Z","timestamp":1786978052790,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Exp Zool Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    It is well known that hormones influence and direct most facets of physiology; however, there is still contention regarding the directions of certain relationships, for example, between gonadal hormones and immunity. Among the many proposed relationships relating to gonadal\u2013immune interactions, support for immunosuppressive effects of androgens remains prominent within physiological literature. Although ample study has been directed toward\u00a0the immunosuppressive effects of androgens, considerable disagreement remains regarding their influence on immune function. In this study, we test the hypothesis that androgens inhibit immunocompetence in the American alligator (\n                    <jats:italic>Alligator mississippiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Developing alligators were incubated at female\u2010producing temperatures with a subset of individuals being exposed to 17\u2010\u03b1\u2010methyltestosterone (MT) before sexual determination. 17\u2010\u03b1\u2010methyltestosterone is a potent androgen, not aromatizable by crocodilians, that has been found to exert masculinizing effects in exposed crocodilian populations in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, a subset of animals was exposed to a novel antigen to quantify innate and acquired immune function. We recovered no significant differences in leukocyte ratios or proportions between groups and found no significant differences in innate immune function as measured by hemolysis\u2010hemagglutination. However, we did find significant differences in acquired immune function, where masculinized individuals expressed greater antibody titers. Our findings reject the hypothesis that androgens suppress immune function; rather, androgens may be immunoenhancing to acquired humoral responses and neutral to innate humoral immunity in crocodilians.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.2795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T03:01:46Z","timestamp":1708398106000},"page":"431-439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Testing androgen\u2010induced immunosuppression: Environmental androgens as a model system for steroid\u2010immune interaction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"341","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7496-4465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge E.","family":"L\u00f3pez\u2010P\u00e9rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Southeastern Louisiana University Hammond Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4668-2217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey M.","family":"Goessling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Sciences Collegium Eckerd College St. Petersburg Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Southeastern Louisiana University Hammond Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Anderson D.(2020).Esvis: Visualization and estimation of effect sizes. 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