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As important members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, TRs and their ligands are involved in many biological processes. To investigate the potential roles of TRs in the gonadal differentiation and sex change, we cloned and characterized the TRs genes in protogynous rice field eel (<jats:italic>Monopterus albus<\/jats:italic>). In this study, three types of TRs were obtained, which were TR\u03b1A, TR\u03b1B and TR\u03b2, encoding preproproteins of 336\u2010, 409\u2010 and 415\u2010amino acids, respectively. Multiple alignments of the three putative TRs protein sequences showed they had a higher similarity. Tissue expression analysis showed that TR\u03b1A mainly expressed in the gonad, while TR\u03b1B and TR\u03b2 in the brain. During female\u2010to\u2010male sex reversal, the expression levels of all the three TRs showed a similar trend of increase followed by a decrease in the gonad. Intraperitoneal injection of triiodothyronine (T3) stimulated the expression of TR\u03b1A and TR\u03b1B, while it had no significant change on the expression of TR\u03b2 in the ovary. Gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) injection also significantly upregulated the expression levels of TR\u03b1A and TR\u03b1B after 6\u2009h, while it had no significant effect on TR\u03b2. These results demonstrated that TRs were involved in the gonadal differentiation and sex reversal, and TR\u03b1 may play more important roles than TR\u03b2 in reproduction by the regulation of GnRHa in rice field eel.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.2825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T09:58:59Z","timestamp":1718013539000},"page":"845-855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Molecular characterization and expression analysis of thyroid hormone receptors in protogynous rice field eel, <i>Monopterus albus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"341","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4476-1939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries Southwest University Chongqing 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