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The cnidarian hydroid <jats:italic>Hydractinia<\/jats:italic> has long been a major research model in studying invertebrate allorecognition, establishing a rich knowledge foundation. In this study, we introduce a new cnidarian model <jats:italic>Cladonema radiatum<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>C. radiatum<\/jats:italic>). <jats:italic>C. radiatum<\/jats:italic> is a hydroid jellyfish which also forms polyp colonies interconnected with stolons. Allorecognition responses\u2014fusion or regression of stolons\u2014are observed when stolons encounter each other. By transmission electron microscopy, we observe rapid tissue remodeling contributing to gastrovascular system connection in fusion. Meanwhile, rejection responses are regulated by reconstruction of the chitinous exoskeleton perisarc, and induction of necrotic and autophagic cellular responses at cells in contact with the opponent. Genetic analysis identifies allorecognition genes: six <jats:italic>Alr<\/jats:italic> genes located on the putative allorecognition complex and four immunoglobulin superfamily genes on a separate genome region. <jats:italic>C. radiatum<\/jats:italic> allorecognition genes show notable conservation with the <jats:italic>Hydractinia Alr<\/jats:italic> family. Remarkedly, stolon encounter assays of inbred lines reveal that genotypes of <jats:italic>Alr1<\/jats:italic> solely determine allorecognition outcomes in <jats:italic>C. radiatum<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.2853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T07:25:30Z","timestamp":1720423530000},"page":"1002-1020","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A single gene determines allorecognition in hydrozoan jellyfish <i>Cladonema radiatum<\/i> inbred lines"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"341","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5972-3647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Crystal","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Chronobiology School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama 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