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Maternal DM affects and increases the risk of heart defects in diabetic mothers compared with nondiabetic mothers. <jats:italic>Momordica charantia<\/jats:italic> exhibits antidiabetic effects due to various bioactive compounds that are phytochemicals, a broad group that includes phenolic compounds, alkaloids, proteins, steroids, inorganic compounds, and lipids. Pregnant maternal rats were split into four groups: control (C), <jats:italic>M. charantia<\/jats:italic>\u2010treated (MC), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (DM), and diabetic (MC\u2009+\u2009DM) groups. Diabetes mothers had increased serum glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol\u00a0levels and reduced high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol\u00a0levels. Cardiac biomarkers such as cardiac troponin T (cTnT), creatine kinase\u2010myocardial band (CK\u2010MB), and lactate dehydrogenase\u00a0were increased. Hormone levels of follicle\u2010stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, progesterone, and estrogen decreased significantly. Inflammatory markers such as interleukin 6 (IL\u20106), tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1), and vascular adhesion molecule\u20101 (VCAM\u20101) were elevated in diabetic mothers. Oxidative stress markers indicated increased malondialdehyde\u00a0and nitric oxide\u00a0levels, while antioxidants such as glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase\u00a0were decreased in maternal heart tissue. The levels of apoptotic markers such as tumor suppressor 53 (P<jats:sub><jats:bold>53<\/jats:bold><\/jats:sub>) and cysteine aspartic protease\u20103 (caspase\u20103) were significantly greater in diabetic maternal heart tissue. Histopathological analysis revealed heart tissue abnormalities in diabetic maternal rats. <jats:italic>M. charantia<\/jats:italic> extract improved maternal diabetes\u2010induced changes in inflammation, antioxidant levels, and heart tissue structure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.2854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T07:19:54Z","timestamp":1720423194000},"page":"977-990","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Therapeutic effect of <i>Momordica charantia<\/i> on cardiomyopathy in a diabetic maternal rat model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"341","author":[{"given":"Shaimaa M.","family":"Elnahas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology Department, Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6044-7312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hend Abd El\u2010Halim","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology &amp; Entomology Department, Faculty of Science Al\u2010Azhar University Nasr City Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamdouh R.","family":"El\u2010Sawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology Department, Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amoura M.","family":"Abou\u2010El\u2010Naga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology Department, Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.05.002"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"209","article-title":"Pathophysiological mechanisms of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the effects of metformin treatment in adult male albino rats","volume":"34","author":"Abdel\u2010Razek Saleh Z.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Minia Journal of Medical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112323"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1166653"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02935"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13813455.2020.1869265"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159985"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mefs.2011.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42000-020-00192-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","volume-title":"Statistical methods in medical research","author":"Armitage P.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgac019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/403291"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-021-01455-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2005.07.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13247"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.116"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-020-00835-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00486"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-017-2994-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.2008.952044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1354750X.2021.2006312"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12061228"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10517-021-05191-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dawood A. 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