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Working with the Jamaican fruit bat (<jats:italic>Artibeus jamaicensis)<\/jats:italic>, we aimed to: (1) describe sleep architecture, (2) assess how sleeping in groups affects sleep, and (3) quantify total sleep time and identify rapid eye movement (REM)\u00a0sleep using behavioral indicators that complement physiological evidence of sleep. Twenty\u2010five adult bats were captured in Panama and recorded sleeping in an artificial roost enclosure. Three bats were fitted with an electromyograph and accelerometer and video recorded sleeping alone in controlled laboratory settings. The remaining 22 bats were assigned to differing social configurations (alone, dyad, triad, and tetrad) and video recorded sleeping in an outdoor flight cage. We found that sleep was highly variable among individuals (ranging from 2\u2009h 53\u2009min to 9\u2009h 39\u2009min over a 12\u2010h period). Although we did not detect statistically significant effects and our sample size was limited, preliminary trends suggest that male bats may sleep longer than females, and individuals sleeping in groups may sleep longer than individuals sleeping alone. We also found a high correspondence between total sleep time quantified visually and quantified using actigraphy (with a 2\u2010min immobility threshold) and identified physiological correlates of behaviorally\u2010defined REM. These results serve as a starting point for future work on the ecology and evolution of sleep in bats and other wild mammals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.2860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T09:20:26Z","timestamp":1721899226000},"page":"1097-1110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The effect of group size on sleep in a neotropical bat, <i>Artibeus jamaicensis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"341","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5644-3535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexis M.","family":"Heckley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Gamboa Panama"},{"name":"Department of Biology and Redpath Museum McGill University Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1781-0275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian D.","family":"Harding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine &amp; Physiology University of California San Diego San Diego USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7072-0669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel A.","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Gamboa Panama"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barrett A.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Wisconsin\u2014La Crosse  Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5429-9245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yossi","family":"Yovel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Zoology, School of Neuroscience Tel\u2010Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3678-3003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clarice A.","family":"Diebold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Gamboa Panama"},{"name":"The Department of Physiological &amp; Brain Sciences Johns Hopkins University  Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8964-5256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah B.","family":"Tilley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Gamboa Panama"},{"name":"Division of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198540755.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2345(1998)46:1<63::AID-AJP5>3.0.CO;2-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01390"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2019.11.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Sleep pattern in two species of bat Myotis lucifugus (little brown) and Eptesicus fuscus (big brown)","volume":"6","author":"Brebbia D. 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