{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T15:46:08Z","timestamp":1791474368040,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Exp Zool Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Mesenchymal stem cells\u2010derived exosomes (MSCs\u2010EXs) applications have brought a key breakthrough in treating type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and its diabetic complications. However, various recent strategies aimed to construct prominent engineered EXs with greater precision and higher efficiency for diabetes syndrome were conducted. In this research, we seek to enhance the medicinal potentialities of MSCs\u2010EXs on type 1 diabetic rats' hepatic complications, via loading with either selenium (Se) or nano selenium (NSe) particles. For consecutive 4\u2010weeks, rats were divided into 8 groups as; control, EXs, EXs\u2009+\u2009Se, EXs\u2009+\u2009NSe, STZ\u2010diabetic (D), D\u2009+\u2009EXs, D\u2009+\u2009EXs\u2009+\u2009Se, and D\u2009+\u2009EXs\u2009+\u2009NSe groups. The three diabetic\u2010treated groups manifested a significant reduction in hepatic contents of oxidative stress (OS) (MDA, NO, and H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) inflammatory (IL\u20106, TNF\u2010\u03b1, and TGF\u2010\u03b2), and apoptotic (P53, BAX, caspase\u20103, and Bcl2) markers, with marked elevation in hepatic antioxidant levels (GSH, GPX, SOD, and CAT). Such results were supported by the marked diminish in serum total proteins, liver function enzymes (AST, ALT, and bilirubin), and both serum and liver lipid profile fractions. In addition, hepatic histological examination showed marked improvement in liver architecture of all treated diabetic rats' groups, compared to diabetic untreated rats. Significantly, diabetic rats with EXs loaded with NSe exhibited the most therapeutic superiority.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.2881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T07:37:38Z","timestamp":1731483458000},"page":"211-219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Antioxidant and Antiapoptotic Effects of Selenium And Nano Selenium\u2010Loaded Exosomes on Hepatic Dysfunction of Type 1 Diabetic Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"343","author":[{"given":"Layla A.","family":"Alahmari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences Northern Border University Arar Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lashin S.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Dentistry Al\u2010Ahliyya Amman University Amman Jordan"},{"name":"Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Mansours Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9324-5792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoda A.","family":"Fansa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry Al\u2010Ahliyya Amman University Amman Jordan"},{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry Alexandria University  Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalal S.","family":"Alshaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fawziah A.","family":"Al\u2010Salmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehab I.","family":"El\u2010Hallous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Zoology Department, Faculty of Science Arish University North Sinai Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamdouh","family":"Eldesoqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine AlMaarefa University, Diriyah Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahmy","family":"Gad Elsaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science King Khalid University, Asir Abha Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman","family":"Fayad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Science Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"El\u2010Mansy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry Zarqa University Zarqa Jordan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Histology &amp; Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Mansours Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghadi","family":"Alsharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences Jeddah Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Research King Abdullah International Medical Research Center Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dlovan Y.","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Faculty of Science Sulaimani University Sulaimaniyah Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam Bakir","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology Department, College of Medicine Slaimani University Sulaymaniyah Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rozhan Yassin","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics &amp; 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