{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T05:18:45Z","timestamp":1776489525327,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Exp Zool Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study aimed to provide comprehensive morphological features of the bronchial and parabronchial systems using cast, histological, histochemical, and scanning electron microscopy techniques, with new insights into the parabronchial topographic distribution system on <jats:styled-content>22<\/jats:styled-content> white Pekin ducks. Casting illustrated that the medioventral secondary bronchi (MVSB) were the largest, but the posterior (POSB) ones were the smallest. The primary (PB) and secondary bronchi (SB) were lined with thin pseudostratified, ciliated columnar epithelium. PB contained discontinuous hyaline cartilage plates interconnected by a membrane of fibrous CT with chondrocytes, while SB had mucous glands. There were two types of hexagonal parabronchi with different lumen shapes: circular in neopulmonic and longitudinal in paleopulmonic. The parabronchi had numerous atria opened into the lumen and guarded by different directed muscles: horizontal in the neopulmonic and vertical or horizontal in the paleopulmonic. The atria were lined with squamous to cuboidal cells, forming the interatrial septum (IAS). A funnel atrial duct connecting the atrium to the infundibulum can be branched. The air capillaries were nearby, at a very short distance from the blood capillaries. Despite their small number, air capillaries, which were found in parabronchi, significantly increased in size and diameter. SEM at the 4th torus level showed a parabronchi distribution with elongated paleopulmonic on the dorsomedial part, hexagonal neopulmonic on the ventrolateral part, and some neopulmonic on the medial part. The parabronchial topography distribution exhibited their unique distribution from the 1st to the 6th torus level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.2884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T11:29:52Z","timestamp":1732274992000},"page":"220-235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Morphological and Histological Studies of the Bronchial and Parabronchial System of the White Pekin Duck (<i>Anas platyrhynchos<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"343","author":[{"given":"Alaa Abd El","family":"Moneam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Damanhour University Damanhour Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashraf","family":"El Sharaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Damanhour University Damanhour Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asmaa","family":"Aboelnour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Damanhour University Damanhour Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3289-1982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed M. A.","family":"Abumandour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed G.","family":"Nomir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Damanhour University Damanhour Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(75)90078-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(82)90057-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/S0717-95022016000100025"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12406"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.morpho.2020.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/S0717-95022017000100014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.23394"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/S0717-95022017000100040"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Comparative Gross Anatomy of Heart and Lungs in Bewick Swan (Cygnus Columbianus) Domestic Fowl (Gallus Domesticus) and Duck (Anas Platyrhynchous Domesticus)","volume":"34","author":"Ahmad F.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Veterinary Anatomy"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Anatomical and Histological Study of Lings of Turkey (Meleagris Gallopava). Al\u2010Qadisiyah","volume":"9","author":"AL\u2010Mussawy A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","first-page":"779","volume-title":"Handbook of Avian Anatomy: Nomina Anatomica Avium, 2nd ed. Nuttall Ornithological Club (USA). World Association of Veterinary Anatomists (USA). International Committee on Avian Nomenclature","author":"Baumel J. J.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/4084110"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12332"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.68.909"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"The Great Lakes Troubled Waters","volume":"172","author":"Cobb C. E.","year":"1987","journal-title":"National Geographic"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","unstructured":"Council N. R.2010. Guide for the Care And Use of Laboratory Animals."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","first-page":"194","article-title":"Histological Studies on Lungs of Local Indian Pigeon","volume":"18","author":"Deshmukh S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Veterinary Practitioner"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","volume-title":"The Lung Air Sac System of Birds: A Contribution to the Functional Anatomy of the Respiratory Apparatus","author":"Duncker H. R.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","first-page":"l","article-title":"The Lung Air Sac System of Birds\u2010A Contribution to the Functional Anatomy of the Respiratory Apparatus. Adu. Anat. E'mbryol","volume":"45","author":"Duncker H.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Cell Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-66894-4_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0592642"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms1939.43.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1519617113"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Morphological and Histochemical Study of Lung in Swan Geese (Anser Cygnoides)","volume":"22","author":"Hasanain J A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Al\u2010Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.23980"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2024.102366"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13213336"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","first-page":"334","volume-title":"Birds, Their Structure and Function","author":"King A.","year":"1984"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","first-page":"323","article-title":"The Functional Anatomy of the Bronchial Muscle of the Bird","volume":"105","author":"King A. S.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sca.4950210407"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","unstructured":"Maina J.1982. \u201cA Morphometric Comparison of the Lungs of 2 Species of Bird of Different Exercise Capacities.\u201d Paper Presented at the Journal of Anatomy."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","volume-title":"The Lung\u2010Air Sac System of Birds: Development, Structure, and Function","author":"Maina J.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2989\/OSTRICH.2008.79.2.1.575"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(84)90052-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092220206"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1464793101005838"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-8166(03)00058-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","volume-title":"The lUng\u2010Air Sac System of Birds: Development, Structure, and Function","author":"Maina J. N.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.2006.tb00218.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.204.13.2313"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.21002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000145519"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174395"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/621982"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20608"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91570.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20887"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Some Histological Methods: Trichrome Staining and Their Preliminary Technique","volume":"12","author":"Masson P.","year":"1929","journal-title":"Journal of Technology Methods"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","first-page":"95","volume-title":"A Colour Atlas of Avian Anatomy","author":"McLelland J.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0470266"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","volume-title":"Anatomy of the Domestic Birds. Translation by W.G. Siller and P.A.L. Wight","author":"Nickel R.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1501\/Vetfak_0000002216"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-2862(73)90071-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199710)249:2<213::AID-AR8>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","volume-title":"Bancroft's Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques E\u2010Book. Elsevier Health Sciences","author":"Suvarna K. S.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00231407"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/83.4.624"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2005.00413.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","volume-title":"Emphysema in the Avian Lung. Pathogenesis. Paper Presented at the Euro","author":"Zwart P.","year":"2004"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological and Integrative Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jez.2884","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T09:56:16Z","timestamp":1738576576000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jez.2884"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jez.2884"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jez.2884","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2471-5638","2471-5646"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2471-5638","type":"print"},{"value":"2471-5646","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}