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While the white\u2010footed mouse (<jats:italic>Peromyscus leucopus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>P. leucopus<\/jats:italic>)) is the primary reservoir in the United States, the deer mouse (<jats:italic>P. maniculatus<\/jats:italic>), an ecologically similar congener, rarely transmits the pathogen to biting ticks. Understanding the factors that allow these similar species to serve as a poor and competent reservoir is critical for understanding tick\u2010borne disease ecology and epidemiology, especially as climate change expands the habitats where ticks can transmit pathogens. Our study investigated immunological differences between these rodent species. Specifically, we compared the expression of six immune genes (i.e., TLR\u20102, IFN\u2010\u03b3, IL\u20106, IL\u201010, GATA\u20103, TGF\u2010\u03b2) broadly involved in bacterial recognition, elimination, and\/or pathology mitigation in ear biopsies collected by the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) as part of their routine surveillance. A principal components analysis indicated that immune gene expression in both species varied in two dimensions: TLR2, IFN\u2010\u03b3, IL\u20106, and IL\u201010 (comprising PC1) and TGF\u2010\u03b2 and GATA3 (comprising PC2) expression tended to covary within individuals. However, when we analyzed expression differences of each gene singly between species, <jats:italic>P. maniculatus<\/jats:italic> expressed more TLR2, IL\u20106, and IL\u201010 but less IFN\u2010\u03b3 and GATA3 than <jats:italic>P. leucopus<\/jats:italic>. This immune profile could partly explain why <jats:italic>P. leucopus<\/jats:italic> is a better reservoir for bacterial pathogens such as <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.2908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T12:04:58Z","timestamp":1737979498000},"page":"502-510","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Congeneric Rodents Differ in Immune Gene Expression: Implications for Host Competence for Tick\u2010Borne Pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"343","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0326-4397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vania R.","family":"Assis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Interdisciplinary Disease Research Center and Center for Genomics, College of Public Health, Interdisciplinary Research Building (IDRB) Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Cifarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Interdisciplinary Disease Research Center and Center for Genomics, College of Public Health, Interdisciplinary Research Building (IDRB) Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison M.","family":"Brehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0768-7389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John L.","family":"Orrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5887-4937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynn B.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Interdisciplinary Disease Research Center and Center for Genomics, College of Public Health, Interdisciplinary Research Building (IDRB) Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2016.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.06.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2016.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.08.23.609392"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2016.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.06813"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21775\/cimb.042.145"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).2025.Lyme Disease. 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